Genetic Factors
An inherited risk exists in many cases of GERD, possibly because of inherited muscular or structural problems in stomach or esophagus. Genetic factors may especially play a strong role in susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition caused by very severe GERD.
Asthma
At least half of asthmatic patients also have GERD. Some experts speculate that the coughing and sneezing accompanying asthmatic attacks cause changes in pressure in the chest that can trigger reflux. Certain asthmatic drugs that dilate the airways may relax the LES and contribute to GERD. On the other hand, GERD has been associated with a number of other upper respiratory problems and may be a cause of asthma, rather than a result.
Other Conditions Associated with GERD
Crohn's disease is a chronic ailment that causes inflammation and injury in the colon and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus. Other disorders that may affect areas that can contribute to GERD include diabetes, any gastrointestinal disorder, peptic ulcers, lymphomas, and cancer.
 | Click the icon to see an image of inflammatory bowel disease. |
Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori
Helicobacter Pylori, also called H. pylori, is a bacterium found in the mucous membranes and is now known to be a major cause of peptic ulcers. Antibiotics used to eradicate H. pylori are now accepted treatment for curing ulcers. Of some concern, however, are studies indicating that H. Pylori may actually protect against GERD by reducing stomach acid. Furthermore, curing ulcers by eliminating the bacteria might actually trigger GERD in some people. Studies are mixed, however, on whether patients with cured H. Pylori infections are at risk for GERD. A 2003 analysis of 8 studies reported no higher risk for GERD after antibiotic treatments, nor was GERD any worse in patients who already had it. Seven of the 8 studies, however, were conducted only 2 months after antibiotic treatment. Longer follow-up studies are needed however to determine long-term consequences, if any.
In any case, the bacteria should be eradicated in infected patients with existing GERD who are taking ongoing acid suppressing agents. There is some evidence that in such patients, the combination of H. pylori and chronic acid suppression can lead to atrophic gastritis, a precancerous condition in the stomach.
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