Executive function is the ability to plan, prioritize, organize and complete multiple tasks. Recent research shows deficits in executive function in older children and adults with ADHD. Deficits in executive function may be one of the major reasons ADHD continues to cause problems for some people well into adulthood. Some examples of how deficits in executive function can impact an adolescent’s life:
- Planning is required for social events, for completing large projects or research papers, for time management.
- Being able to complete multiple tasks is needed in order to listen to a teacher speak and take notes.
- Prioritizing is needed to b able to break down tasks and determine how to best spend time in order to accomplish goals.
- Organization is needed to manage papers, hand in homework, keep track of books, pencils and other supplies.
In addition to executive function deficits, children with ADHD are often several years below their peers in emotional maturity. While trying to fit in socially with children their own ages, middle school students with ADHD may have the emotional maturity of a fourth or fifth grader. This immaturity may lead to greater turmoil and frustration as well as feelings of isolation.
Emotional maturity also plays a role in the need for independence. As an adolescent with ADHD sees peers begin to be left home alone or be allowed to go to the movies by themselves, they want the same. But the emotional maturity level does not always make this possible. Children’s self-esteem can suffer.
When problems relating to ADHD are not addressed, adolescents are more at risk of developing oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder or experimenting with drugs and alcohol. Parents need to maintain structure, continue communication with teachers and help prepare adolescents for adulthood by teaching skills and working toward self-sufficiency.
Sources:
“What is ADHD?”, 2002, Jim Chandler, M.D., Attention Deficit Disorder Resources
“(ADD) ADHD at Different Ages”, Date Unknown, Author Unknown, Edge Foundation
“Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”, 2008, Aug, Kevin Leehey, M.D., LeeheyMD.com
“Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”, 2008, April 3, Author Unknown, National Institute of Mental Health
