In many cases, placing a large picture of a toilet or the word "Toilet" on the bathroom door will help to offer guidance. Bed clothing should be easy to open or close. Caregivers should be available to offer assistance whenever possible, and if desired.
In some situations, a caregiver may need to learn how to help a loved one use a bedpan or a urinal if nighttime trips to the bathroom are not feasible for a variety of reasons. Because of this, a communication system needs to be established for nighttime needs. An intercom-type system or even a bell to address calling for help for toileting, dressing or other needs should be implemented as necessary.
In the Kitchen
Kitchen areas of any home or apartment often contribute to the most injuries because of ovens, stoves, microwaves, hot plates, or crock-pots, all of which may burn or otherwise harm a patient. The caregiver must determine the cognitive abilities of their loved one to ensure that the use of such equipment is safe under any circumstance.
In the homes of patients suffering from cognitive disabilities, cooking with flame can be a fire hazard. Food left on the stove too long may scorch and burn, and in some circumstances, catch fire. A can placed inside a microwave not only damages the microwave, but also may cause an explosion or injury. To ensure safety, the caregiver may cook foods in advance and then unplug or otherwise disable such appliances to prevent injury. Avoid keeping step stools or small ladders in the kitchen area in order to prevent falls and injuries.
For patients with vision difficulties, brightly colored plates, drinking cups, placemats and napkins will often help alleviate the embarrassment and difficulty in choosing the right utensils for eating. "Caregivers need to understand that it's the same person as before, but because of the complexity of the process of eating, the person may be confused and embarrasses, and thus refuse to participate," says Occupational Therapist and founding editor of Alzheimer's Care Quarterly Carol Bowlby Sifton.
