There is a syndrome called "Munchausen's" where a person draws attention to him or herself by feigning serious medical symptoms. They go often to doctor(s) and the hospital(s) hoping to have professionals hover around them, sending them for tests, focusing on them alone. These people can often cause real harm to themselves by swallowing foreign objects, claiming severe headaches, etc., and they often get their symptoms from health/medical sites on the Internet. So they know exactly how to mimic a real disease.
It may be that once your friend became the object of the family's focus and was showered with caregiving and love, she learned to depend on it to boost her ego. And to feel wanted. But it's a sad way to go about doing it. Your friend will doubtless miss a lot of the good in life by settling for being "the afficted one." She has learned it is easier to manipulate others into caring for her rather than earning it.
I realized after I had been in the hospital a number of times that it was an "easy" way out of participating in life. I could go there, have all my meals provided, go to group therapy twice a day, have every hour scheduled, and have to do nothing in return but send the bill to my insurance company. It wasn't that I was trying to get attention, though, as much as it was trying to get away from making any decisions. Depression and anxiety made me want to do nothing, and perhaps I needed freedom from the stresses of life in order to recover.
If I were you, I wouldn't be quick to say your friend set out to manipulate people and the system. Perhaps there is something behind it, something she is trying to avoid, or is simply giving up on the hope that life can be rich and fulfilling. It is easy to do when you are suffering.
Wow, thanks for your input. She seems to live in her own reality and doesn't realize what is happening. As a young woman she had a severe respiratory illess and overcame it. I'm sure her pain is real. But to what extent I am not sure.