HealthCentralcm.own.healthcentralgeneralhealth77nonenone2001Healthcentral.com is one of the most trusted sources of medical information and up to date news and contains a doctor-approved health encyclopedia of diseases and conditions, the ability to find symptoms and treatments. Also drug information with side effects and interactions./home/sites/healthcentralwww.healthcentral.com/HealthCentral : Hair LossHair Loss - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationHair Loss - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationHair LosshairlossmenshealthHealthCentralDiseasesHair Losshttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/12116.htmlhttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/12116_pf.htmlChannel Page179597Hair Loss12116.htmlHair LossADAM Encyclopedia (more_index_1_8_7)Hypotension2007-03-27 13:52:38.0ADAM2010-02-06 10:54:26.0HypotensionHypotensionHypotensionHypotensionBlood pressureParkinson’s diseaseDiabetesAnaphylaxisArrhythmiasDehydrationFaintingHeart attackHeart failureShockUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty2006-11-04 00:54:44.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:45:52.0Unicompartmental knee arthroplastyUnicompartmental knee arthroplastyKnee replacement - partialUnicompartmental knee arthroplastyKnee joint19309 419309 5Cartilage covers the end of bones in joints to provide shock
absorption during movement. The synovium is the membrane that
surrounds the joint and is filled with synovial fluid, which
provides nutrients and oxygen to the cartilage.Partial knee replacement - series2007-03-27 13:10:02.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:45:51.0The structure of a joint19399 419399 5Joints, particularly hinge joints like the elbow and the knee, are
complex structures made up of bone, muscles, synovium, cartilage,
and ligaments that are designed to bear weight and move the body
through space. The knee consists of the femur (thigh bone) above,
and the tibia (shin bone) and fibula below. The kneecap (patella)
glides through a shallow groove on the front part of the lower
thigh bone. Ligaments and tendons connect the three bones of the
knee, which are contained in the joint capsule (synovium) and are
cushioned by cartilage.ArthritisNecrosisOverweightKnee joint replacementGeneral anesthesiaSpinal and epidural anesthesiaProsthesisOsteoarthritisOsteonecrosisOsteomalaciaNICU consultants and support staff2006-11-04 00:54:35.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0NICU consultants and support staffNICU consultants and support staffAudiologyElectrocardiogramEchocardiogramCardiac catheterizationBiopsyIntravenousHepatitisCholestasisUltrasoundCancerCBCMeningitisCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionDiabetesSeizuresEEGCT scanMRISkull fractureBroken boneNecrotizing enterocolitisBarium enemaUnilateral hydronephrosisHypospadiasX-rayDevelopmental milestonesPremature infantHydrocephalusRetinopathy of prematurityNeonatal respiratory distress syndromeBronchopulmonary dysplasiaTick removalTick bite2006-11-04 00:54:04.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:42:34.0Tick removalTick removalTick removalTick removalDeer and dog tick19660 419660 5Ticks are small, insect-like creatures that live in woods and
fields. They can attach to people or animals as they brush past
bushes, plants, and grass. Ticks can be fairly large, as big as a
pencil eraser, or so small that they are almost impossible to see.
While most ticks do not carry diseases, some ticks can cause Lyme
disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, and
tularemia.Lyme disease19617 419617 5The most common early sign of lyme disease is the appearance of a
rash on the skin that looks like a "bull's eye". The rash begins as
a reddened area near the area of the tick bite. As the rash gets
bigger, it clears in the center and develops a red ring around the
outer perimeter. Other symptoms include muscle or joint aches,
stiff neck, headache, weakness, fever, swollen lymph nodes and
other flu-like symptoms.Tick biteHair transplantHair transplant2006-11-04 00:53:56.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:37:10.0Hair transplantHair transplantHair transplantHair transplantSkin layers8912 48912 5The skin is the largest organ of the body.AnesthesiaCochlear implantCochlear implant2006-11-04 00:53:54.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:27:22.0Cochlear implantCochlear implantEar anatomy1092 41092 5The ear consists of external, middle, and inner structures. The
eardrum and the three tiny bones conduct sound from the eardrum to
the cochlea.CT scanHead MRIMeningitisGastric bypass surgeryGastric bypass2006-11-04 00:53:47.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:16:28.0Gastric bypass surgeryGastric bypass surgeryGastric bypassGastric bypass surgeryDumping syndrome19830 419830 5Dumping syndrome occurs when the contents of the stomach empty too
quickly into the small intestine. The partially digested food draws
excess fluid into the small intestine causing nausea, cramping,
diarrhea, sweating, faintness, and palpitations. Dumping usually
occurs after the consumption of too much simple or refined sugar in
people who have had surgery to modify or remove all or part of the
stomach.Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD)19499 419499 5Malabsorptive operations, such as biliopancreatic diversion (BPD),
restrict both food intake and the amount of calories and nutrients
the body absorbs.In a BPD procedure, portions of the stomach are
removed. The small pouch that remains is connected directly to the
final segment of the small intestine, completely bypassing the
upper part of the small intestines. A common channel remains in
which bile and pancreatic digestive juices mix prior to entering
the colon. Weight loss occurs since most of the calories and
nutrients are routed into the colon where they are not absorbed.Adjustable gastric banding19497 419497 5Restrictive gastric operations, such as an adjustable gastric
banding procedure, serve only to restrict and decrease food intake
and do not interfere with the normal digestive process.In this
procedure, a hollow band made of special material is placed around
the stomach near its upper end, creating the small pouch and a
narrow passage into the larger remaining portion of the stomach.
This small passage delays the emptying of food from the pouch and
causes a feeling of fullness.The band can be tightened or loosened
over time to change the size of the passage. Initially, the pouch
holds about 1 ounce of food and later expands to 2-3 ounces.Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch19500 419500 5Malabsorptive operations restrict both food intake and the amount
of calories and nutrients the body absorbs.In this procedure, a
larger portion of the stomach is left intact, including the pyloric
valve that regulates the release of contents from the stomach into
the small intestine. The duodenum is divided near this
valve, and the small intestine divided as well. The
portion of the small intestine connected to large intestine is
attached to the short duodenal segment next to
the stomach. The remaining segment of the duodenum
connected to the pancreas and gallbladder is
attached to this limb closer to the large intestine. Where contents
from these two segments mix is called the common channel, which
dumps into the large intestine.Roux-en-Y stomach surgery for weight loss19268 419268 5The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure involves creating a stomach
pouch out of a small portion of the stomach and attaching it
directly to the small intestine, bypassing a large part of the
stomach and duodenum. Not only is the stomach pouch too small to
hold large amounts of food, but by skipping the duodenum, fat
absorption is substantially reduced.Vertical banded gastroplasty19498 419498 5Restrictive gastric operations, such as vertical banded
gastroplasty (VGB), serve only to restrict and decrease food intake
and do not interfere with the normal digestive process.In this
procedure the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled
vertically to create a small pouch along the inner curve of the
stomach. The outlet from the pouch to the rest of the stomach is
restricted by a band made of special material. The band delays the
emptying of food from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness.Laparoscopic gastric bandingAnesthesiaLaparoscopyHerniaGallstonesGallbladder removal - laparoscopicBody mass indexCoronary heart diseaseAsthmaType 2 diabetesHypertensionObstructive sleep apneaHigh blood cholesterol and triglyceridesGastroesophageal reflux diseaseIron deficiency anemia - childrenIron deficiency anemia - children2006-11-04 00:53:21.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:59:03.0Iron deficiency anemia - childrenIron deficiency anemia - childrenIron deficiency anemia - childrenIron deficiency anemia - childrenFormed elements of blood19192 419192 5Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and returns
waste and carbon dioxide. Blood distributes nearly everything that
is carried from one area in the body to another place within the
body. For example, blood transports hormones from endocrine organs
to their target organs and tissues. Blood helps maintain body
temperature and normal pH levels in body tissues. The protective
functions of blood include clot formation and the prevention of
infection.Hemoglobin19510 419510 5Hemoglobin is the most important component of red blood cells. It
is composed of a protein called heme, which binds oxygen. In the
lungs, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. Abnormalities of an
individual's hemoglobin value can indicate defects in the normal
balance between red blood cell production and destruction. Both low
and high values can indicate disease states.Red blood cells, target cells1497 41497 5These abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) resemble targets. These cells
are seen in association with some forms of anemia, and following
the removal of the spleen (splenectomy).AnemiaHemoglobinLead poisoningHormone therapyHormone Replacement Therapy is medication containing one or more female hormones to treat symptoms of menopause. Click to learn more about it. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)2006-11-04 00:53:13.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:16:12.0Hormone therapyHormone therapyUterus19263 419263 5The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis
between the bladder and rectum. The ovaries produce the eggs that
travel through the fallopian tubes. Once the egg has left the ovary
it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the
uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the
developing fetus prior to birth.HysterectomyMenopauseOsteoporosisUrinary incontinenceDeep venous thrombosisPulmonary embolusOtitis media with effusionOtitis media with effusion2006-11-04 00:52:50.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:31:22.0Otitis media with effusionOtitis media with effusionOtitis media with effusionOtitis media with effusionMiddle ear infection (otitis media)19324 419324 5Otitis media is an inflammation and/or infection of the middle ear.
Acute otitis media (acute ear infection) occurs when there is
bacterial or viral infection of the fluid of the middle ear, which
causes production of fluid or pus. Chronic otitis media occurs when
the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly due to allergies,
multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids.Ear anatomy1092 41092 5The ear consists of external, middle, and inner structures. The
eardrum and the three tiny bones conduct sound from the eardrum to
the cochlea.Ear infection - acuteHepatitis A - vaccineHepatitis A - vaccine2006-11-04 00:52:44.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:18:20.0Hepatitis A - vaccineHepatitis A - vaccineImmunizations - general overviewHepatitis AAntibodyFeverAging changes in the sensesAging changes in the senses2006-11-04 00:52:38.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:44:44.0Aging changes in the sensesAging changes in the sensesSmelling200014 4Tasting200015 4Sense of sight8687 48687 5Vision occurs when light is processed by the eye and interpreted by
the brain. Light passes through the transparent eye surface
(cornea). The pupil (the black opening in the front of the eye) is
an opening to the eye interior. It can get larger or smaller to
regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The colored portion
(iris) is really a muscle controlling the pupil size. The inside of
the eye is filled with a gel-like fluid. There is a flexible,
transparent lens that focuses light so it hits on the back of the
eye (the retina). The retina converts light energy into a nerve
impulse that is carried to the brain and then interpreted.Aged eye anatomy8688 48688 5With age, the lens may become misshaped and the corneal tissue may
become clouded.Hearing aids8685 48685 5Some hearing loss is almost inevitable with age. It is estimated
that 30% of all people over 65 have significant hearing impairment.
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound has problems getting
through the external and middle ear. Surgery or a hearing aid may
be helpful for this type of hearing loss.Tongue8686 48686 5The tongue is mainly composed of muscles. It is covered with a
mucous membrane. Small nodules of tissue (papillae) cover the upper
surface of the tongue. Between the papillae are the taste buds,
which provide the sense of taste. In addition to taste, the tongue
functions in moving food to aid chewing and swallowing, and it is
important in speech.Hearing and the cochlea200057 4Aging changes in hearing8683 48683 5With aging, ear structures deteriorate. The eardrum often thickens
and the inner ear bones and other structures are affected.Seeing200013 4Feeling pain200009 4Age-related hearing lossHearing lossWax blockageTinnitusIrisRetinaVisual acuity testPresbyopiaCataractVisual fieldPeripheralGlaucomaMacular degenerationDiabetic retinopathyTaste - impairedBrain surgeryConfusionDiabetesAppendicitisFrostbiteHypothermiaBurnsUlcersAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in skinAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the faceAging changes in the nervous systemAging changes in the lungsAging changes in the lungs2006-11-04 00:52:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:00:36.0Aging changes in the lungsAging changes in the lungsBreathing200020 4Respiratory cilia19533 419533 5The bronchus in the lungs are lined with hair-like projections
called cilia that move microbes and debris up and out of the
airways. Scattered throughout the cilia are goblet
cells that secrete mucus which helps protect the lining of the
bronchus and trap microorganisms.Changes in lung tissue with age8676 48676 5Lung tissue atrophies and is not as efficient with age.Gas exchange200022 4KyphosisScoliosisFaintingPneumoniaCoughAntibodyObstructive sleep apneaBronchitisAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the heart and blood vesselsAging changes in vital signsAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in organs - tissue - cells2006-11-04 00:52:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:10:03.0Aging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsTissue types8682 48682 5There are 4 basic types of tissue: connective tissue, epithelial
tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue
supports other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, and
lymph tissues). Epithelial tissue provides a covering (skin, the
linings of the various passages inside the body). Muscle tissue
includes striated (also called voluntary) muscles that move the
skeleton, and smooth muscle, such as the muscles that surround the
stomach. Nerve tissue is made up of nerve cells (neurons) and is
used to carry "messages" to and from various parts of the body.Nerve conduction200011 4Nerve conductionEpitheliumLipofuscinHeart failureMetabolismHyperplasiaAging changes in hormone productionAging changes in immunityAging changes in skinAging changes in sleepAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the breastAging changes in the faceAging changes in the female reproductive systemAging changes in the heart and blood vesselsAging changes in the kidneysAging changes in the lungsAging changes in the male reproductive systemAging changes in the nervous systemAging changes in hair and nailsAging changes in hair and nails2006-11-04 00:52:33.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:39:47.0Aging changes in hair and nailsAging changes in hair and nailsAging changes in nails8671 48671 5The nails change with aging, growing more slowly, and becoming dull
and brittle. The color may change from translucent to yellowed and
opaque. Nails, especially toenails, may become hard and thick and
ingrown toenails may be more common. The tips of the fingernails
may fragment. Sometimes, lengthwise (longitudinal) ridges will
develop in the fingernails and toenails. This can be a normal aging
change. However, some nail changes can be caused by infections,
nutritional problems, trauma, and other problems.Aged hair follicle8670 48670 5Aged hair follicles are no longer as prepared for new hair growth.Hair follicle of young person8669 48669 5Hair color is caused by a pigment (melanin) that is produced by the
hair follicle. With aging, the follicle produces less melanin.MelaninHair lossMale pattern baldnessFemale pattern baldnessAging changes in skinAging changes in the faceNail abnormalitiesAging changes in the faceAging changes in the face2006-11-04 00:52:32.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:21:10.0Aging changes in the faceAging changes in the faceChanges in face with age8665 48665 5Facial skin tends to wrinkle with age.WrinklesWax blockageEyelid droopingIrisAging changes in body shapeAging changes in hair and nailsAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in skinAging changes in hormone productionAging changes in hormone production2006-11-04 00:52:29.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:34:00.0Aging changes in hormone productionAging changes in hormone productionMenopause17252 417252 5Menopause is the transition in a woman's life when the ovaries stop
releasing eggs, menstrual activity decreases and eventually ceases,
and the body decreases the production of the female hormones
estrogen and progesterone.Female reproductive anatomy9433 49433 5The female reproductive organs are located in the lower abdomen.Endocrine glandsHypothalamusTSHMetabolismThyroid function testsOsteoporosisGlucose test - bloodAdrenal glandsAldosteroneElectrolytesTestosteroneGrowth hormone testReninProlactinPTHT3T4 testCatecholamines - bloodAging changes in immunityAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in the male reproductive systemMenopauseAging changes in the breastAging changes in the breast2006-11-04 00:52:28.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:26:25.0Aging changes in the breastAging changes in the breastMammary gland17084 4An illustration of the mammary gland17084 5The anatomy of the breast includes the lactiferous, or milk ducts,
and the mammary lobules.Female Breast1075 4An illustration of the female breast1075 5The female breast is either of two mammary glands (organs of milk
secretion) on the chest.SubcutaneousBreast cancerBreast lump self examMammographyAging changes in body shapeAging changes in body shape2006-11-04 00:52:27.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:53:07.0Aging changes in body shapeAging changes in body shapeAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the breastAging changes in the faceAging changes in hair and nailsAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in skinEEGEEG2006-11-04 00:51:59.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:28:12.0EEGEEGEEGEEGBrain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Brain wave monitor8730 48730 5The brainstem auditory evoked response test (BAER), is performed to
help diagnose nervous-system abnormalities, hearing losses
(especially in low-birth weight newborns), and to assess neurologic
functions. The test focuses on changes and responses in brain
waves. The brain waves are stimulated by a clicking sound to
evaluate the central auditory pathways of the brainstem.EpilepsyConsciousness - decreasedConfusionHead injurySleep disordersBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked response2006-11-04 00:51:53.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:50:04.0BAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBrain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Brain wave monitor8730 48730 5The brainstem auditory evoked response test (BAER), is performed to
help diagnose nervous-system abnormalities, hearing losses
(especially in low-birth weight newborns), and to assess neurologic
functions. The test focuses on changes and responses in brain
waves. The brain waves are stimulated by a clicking sound to
evaluate the central auditory pathways of the brainstem.Infant test/procedure preparationToddler test or procedure preparationPreschooler test or procedure preparationSchool age test or procedure preparationAdolescent test or procedure preparationVisual fieldVisual field2006-11-04 00:50:37.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:53:54.0Visual fieldVisual fieldVisual fieldVisual fieldVisual field test1143 41143 5Central and peripheral vision is tested by using visual field
tests. Changes may indicate eye diseases, such as glaucoma or
retinitis.Eye1094 41094 5The eye is the organ of sight, a nearly spherical hollow globe
filled with fluids (humors). The outer layer or tunic (sclera, or
white, and cornea) is fibrous and protective. The middle tunic
layer (choroid, ciliary body and the iris) is vascular. The
innermost layer (the retina) is nervous or sensory. The fluids in
the eye are divided by the lens into the vitreous humor (behind the
lens) and the aqueous humor (in front of the lens). The lens itself
is flexible and suspended by ligaments which allow it to change
shape to focus light on the retina, which is composed of sensory
neurons.ElectrocardiogramECG2006-11-04 00:50:19.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:42:27.0ElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogram (ECG)8772 48772 5An electrocardiogram is a test that measures the electrical
activity of the heart. This includes the rate and regularity of
beats as well as the size and position of the chambers, any damage
to the heart, and effects of drugs or devices to regulate the
heart.Atrioventricular block, EKG tracing1429 41429 5This picture shows an ECG (electrocardiogram, EKG) of a person with
an abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia) called an atrioventricular (AV)
block. P waves show that the top of the heart received electrical
activity. Each P wave is usually followed by the tall (QRS) waves.
QRS waves reflect the electrical activity that causes the heart to
contract. When a P wave is present and not followed by a QRS wave
(and heart contraction), there is an atrioventricular block, and a
very slow pulse (bradycardia).Electrocardiogram (ECG) - interactive tool200141 4High blood pressure tests19232 419232 5Routine lab tests are recommended before beginning treatment of
high blood pressure to determine organ or tissue damage or other
risk factors. These lab tests include urinalysis, blood cell count,
blood chemistry (potassium, sodium, creatinine, fasting glucose,
total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol), and an ECG
(electrocardiogram). Additional tests may be recommended based on
your condition.ECG1135 41135 5The electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) is used extensively in the
diagnosis of heart disease, from congenital heart disease in
infants to myocardial infarction and myocarditis in adults. Several
different types of electrocardiogram exist.Holter monitor (24h)Exercise stress testRashesHeart diseaseChest painHeart palpitationsCoccidioidin skin testCoccidioidin or spherulin skin test2006-11-04 00:49:44.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:34:54.0Coccidioidin skin testCoccidioidin skin testCoccidioidin skin testCoccidioidin skin testPositive reaction to allergen8703 48703 5Allergic reaction is a sensitivity to a specific substance, called
an allergen, that is contacted through the skin, inhaled into the
lungs, swallowed or injected. The body's reaction to an allergen
can be mild, such as a localized rash, or life-threatening, such as
anaphylactic shock.PneumoniaPulmonary tuberculosisAntigenCoccidioidomycosisHistoplasma skin testHistoplasma skin test2006-11-04 00:49:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:23:21.0Histoplasma skin testHistoplasma skin testHistoplasma skin testHistoplasma skin testAspergillus antigen skin test9412 49412 5The aspergillus antigen skin test determines whether or not a
person has been exposed to the mold aspergillus. It is performed by
injecting an aspergillus antigen under the skin with a needle.
After 48 to 72 hours the site of injection is evaluated by a
physician. If a positive reaction occurs (the test site is
inflamed), the person has been exposed to the aspergillus mold and
is at risk for developing aspergillosis.AllergenHistoplasmosisAspergillus antigen skin testAspergillus antigen skin test2006-11-04 00:49:33.0ADAM2007-10-20 15:33:20.0Aspergillus antigen skin testAspergillus antigen skin testAspergillus antigen skin testAspergillus antigen skin testAspergillus antigen skin test9412 49412 5The aspergillus antigen skin test determines whether or not a
person has been exposed to the mold aspergillus. It is performed by
injecting an aspergillus antigen under the skin with a needle.
After 48 to 72 hours the site of injection is evaluated by a
physician. If a positive reaction occurs (the test site is
inflamed), the person has been exposed to the aspergillus mold and
is at risk for developing aspergillosis.AntigenRBC nuclear scanRBC (nuclear) scan2006-11-04 00:49:32.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:51:36.0RBC nuclear scanRBC nuclear scanRBC nuclear scanRBC nuclear scanVenipunctureNuclear ventriculographyPET scanThoracic spine x-rayThoracic spine X-ray2006-11-04 00:48:48.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:40:49.0Thoracic spine x-rayThoracic spine x-rayThoracic spine x-rayThoracic spine x-rayVertebral column1775 41775 5This is the spine and the sacrum with the cervical (neck), thoracic
(mid-back), and lumbar (lower back) vertebra. Notice how the
appearance of the vertebra change as you look down the spine. The
change in shape and size reflect the different functions of the
neck, mid-back, and lower back.Vertebra, thoracic (mid back)1774 41774 5These are twelve vertebra of the mid back. The last vertebra (on
the left side of the picture) attaches to the lumbar (lower) spine,
and the top vertebra (on the right) attaches to the cervical (neck)
section of the back. The vertebra are broader and stronger than the
cervical bones. This allows them to absorb the added pressure
applied to the mid back, but they remain a common sight of injury.
The vertebra are numbered from one to twelve and labeled T1, T2, T3
etc. from the upper most bones to the lowest.Skeletal spine1116 41116 5The spine is divided into several sections. The cervical vertebrae
make up the neck. The thoracic vertebrae comprise the chest section
and have ribs attached. The lumbar vertebrae are the remaining
vertebrae below the last thoracic bone and the top of the sacrum.
The sacral vertebrae are caged within the bones of the pelvis, and
the coccyx represents the terminal vertebrae or vestigial tail.Intervertebral disk19469 419469 5The vertebral column is made up of 26 bones that provide axial
support to the trunk. The vertebral column provides protection to
the spinal cord that runs through its central cavity. Between each
vertebra is an intervertebral disk. The disks are filled with a
gelatinous substance, called the nucleus pulposus, which provides
cushioning to the spinal column. The annulus fibrosus is a
fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which
keeps the nucleus pulposus in tact when forces are applied to the
spinal column. The intervertebral disks allow the vertebral column
to be flexible and act as shock absorbers during everyday
activities such as walking, running and jumping.Anterior skeletal anatomy9065 49065 5The skeleton is made up of 206 bones in the adult and contributes
to the form and shape of the body. The skeleton has several
important fuctions for the body. The bones of the skeleton provide
support for the soft tissues. For example, the rib cage supports
the thoracic wall. Most muscles of the body are attached to bones
which act as levers to allow movement of body parts. The bones of
the skeleton also serve as a reservoir for minerals, such as
calcium and phosphate. Finally, most of the blood cell formation
takes places within the marrow of certain bones.X-rayCranial CT scanCranial CT scan2006-11-04 00:48:06.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:09:06.0Cranial CT scanCranial CT scanCranial CT scanCranial CT scanAcuteStrokeIntracerebral hemorrhageHeadacheCT scanDHEA-sulfate - serumDHEA-sulfate - serum2006-11-04 00:46:24.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:00:19.0DHEA-sulfate - serumDHEA-sulfate - serumDHEA-sulfate - serumDHEA-sulfate - serumAdrenal glandsExcessive or unwanted hair in womenPrecocious pubertyGlucagonGlucagon2006-11-04 00:46:23.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:36:13.0GlucagonGlucagonGlucagonGlucagonHypoglycemiaTestosteroneTestosterone2006-11-04 00:46:13.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:08:20.0TestosteroneTestosteroneTestosteroneTestosteroneMale reproductive anatomy1113 41113 5The male reproductive structures include the penis, the scrotum,
the seminal vesicles and the prostate.LH blood testInfertilityReninRenin2006-11-04 00:46:01.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:09:30.0ReninReninReninReninKidney - blood and urine flow1704 41704 5This is the typical appearance of the blood vessels (vasculature)
and urine flow pattern in the kidney. The blood vessels are shown
in red and the urine flow pattern in yellow.HypertensionHyperaldosteronism - primary and secondaryAldosteroneDistalPTHPTH2006-11-04 00:45:49.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:23:44.0PTHPTHPTHPTH25-hydroxy vitamin D testSerum calciumProtein SProtein S2006-11-04 00:45:11.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:40:02.0Protein SProtein SProtein SProtein SBlood clotsProtein CProtein CProtein C2006-11-04 00:45:10.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:34:34.0Protein CProtein CProtein CProtein CProtein SBlood clotsCBCCBC2006-11-04 00:44:47.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:48:36.0CBCCBCCBCCBCComplete blood count - series2007-03-27 13:09:23.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:48:34.0Red blood cells, elliptocytosis1219 41219 5Elliptocytosis is a hereditary disorder of the red blood cells
(RBCs). In this condition, the RBCs assume an elliptical shape,
rather than the typical round shape.Red blood cells, normal1218 41218 5This photomicrograph shows normal red blood cells (RBCs) as seen in
the microscope after staining.Red blood cells, target cells1497 41497 5These abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) resemble targets. These cells
are seen in association with some forms of anemia, and following
the removal of the spleen (splenectomy).Red blood cells, multiple sickle cells1223 41223 5Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder in which abnormal
hemoglobin (the red pigment inside red blood cells) is produced.
The abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to assume a sickle
shape, like the ones seen in this photomicrograph.Red blood cells, sickle and pappenheimer1495 41495 5This photomicrograph of red blood cells (RBCs) shows both
sickle-shaped and pappenheimer bodies.Malaria, microscopic view of cellular parasites1464 41464 5Malarial parasites are visible within the red blood cells. They are
stained a dark bluish color.Megaloblastic anemia - view of red blood cells1214 41214 5This picture shows large, dense, oversized, red blood cells (RBCs)
that are seen in megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia can
occur when there is a deficiency of vitamin B-12.Red blood cells, tear-drop shape1217 41217 5This photomicrograph shows one of the abnormal shapes that red
blood cells (RBCs) may assume, a tear-drop shape. Normally, RBCs
are round.Basophil (close-up)1442 41442 5Basophils are a specific type of white blood cell. These cells are
readily stained with basic dyes (this is where the name comes
from). Note the dark grains inside the cellular fluid (cytoplasm)
of this basophil. Basophils make up only a small portion of the
number of white blood cells but are important parts of the body's
immune response. They release histamine and other chemicals that
act on the blood vessels when the immune response is triggered.Malaria, photomicrograph of cellular parasites1466 41466 5Malaria is a disease caused by parasites. This picture shows dark
orange-stained malaria parasites inside red blood cells (a) and
outside the cells (b). Note the large cells that look like targets;
it is unknown how these target cells are related to this disease.Red blood cells, sickle cells1494 41494 5These crescent or sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBCs) are present
with Sickle cell anemia, and stand out clearly against the normal
round RBCs. These abnormally shaped cells may become entangled and
block blood flow in the small blood vessels (capillaries).Formed elements of blood19192 419192 5Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and returns
waste and carbon dioxide. Blood distributes nearly everything that
is carried from one area in the body to another place within the
body. For example, blood transports hormones from endocrine organs
to their target organs and tissues. Blood helps maintain body
temperature and normal pH levels in body tissues. The protective
functions of blood include clot formation and the prevention of
infection.Red blood cells, sickle cell1212 41212 5Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disease in which the red
blood cells produce abnormal pigment (hemoglobin). The abnormal
hemoglobin causes deformity of the red blood cells into crescent or
sickle-shapes, as seen in this photomicrograph.Red blood cells, spherocytosis1220 41220 5Spherocytosis is a hereditary disorder of the red blood cells
(RBCs), which may be associated with a mild anemia. Typically, the
affected RBCs are small, spherically shaped, and lack the light
centers seen in normal, round RBCs.AcuteChronicHemoglobinHematocritRBC indicesPlatelet countRBC countWBC countDehydrationAnemiaD-xylose absorptionD-xylose absorption2006-11-04 00:43:53.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:07:14.0D-xylose absorptionD-xylose absorptionD-xylose absorptionD-xylose absorptionD-xylose level tests9285 49285 5The D-xylose tolerance tests measure the intestines' ability to
absorb D-xylose, a simple sugar, as an indicator of whether
nutrients are being properly absorbed.Male urinary system10022 410022 5The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and
bladder.Urine culture - clean catchVenipuncturePotassium - urinePotassium - urine2006-11-04 00:43:44.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:57:11.0Potassium - urinePotassium - urinePotassium - urinePotassium - urineMale urinary system10022 410022 5The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and
bladder.AldosteroneAdrenal glandsMedullary cystic kidney diseaseSodium - urineSodium - urine2006-11-04 00:43:42.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:56:13.0Sodium - urineSodium - urineSodium - urineSodium - urineMale urinary system10022 410022 5The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and
bladder.AldosteroneSodium - bloodAcute tubular necrosisHepatorenal syndromeMedullary cystic kidney diseasePrerenal azotemiaToxicology screenToxicology screen2006-11-04 00:43:08.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:13:27.0Toxicology screenToxicology screenToxicology screenToxicology screenBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.MercuryDrug abuse first aidGastric suctionVenipunctureUrine culture - clean catchAcuteAlcoholismAlcohol withdrawalAnalgesic nephropathyDelirium tremensDeliriumDementiaSodium - bloodSerum sodium2006-11-04 00:40:27.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:29:01.0Sodium - bloodSodium - bloodSodium - bloodSodium - bloodBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.AldosteroneSerum phosphorusSerum phosphorus2006-11-04 00:40:23.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:07:18.0Serum phosphorusSerum phosphorusSerum phosphorusSerum phosphorusBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.MalabsorptionPTH25-hydroxy vitamin D testOsmolality - bloodOsmolality2006-11-04 00:40:05.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:33:17.0Osmolality - bloodOsmolality - bloodOsmolality - bloodOsmolality - bloodSodium - bloodDehydrationADHCaloric stimulationCaloric stimulation2006-11-04 00:39:22.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:35:32.0Caloric stimulationCaloric stimulationCaloric stimulationCaloric stimulationNystagmusDizzinessAnemiaConsciousness - decreasedNews (more_index_1_1_1)FYI (more_index_1_1_3)Health Tip: Women Have Pattern Baldness, TooHere are possible solutions2007-06-06 00:00:00.0HealthDay2008-05-05 22:04:56.0AmenorrheaAmniocentesisAmniocentesis and CVSAnkylosing SpondylitisPreventing Breast CancerCould a pill a day prevent breast cancer? Tracking Breast Cancer Treatment It can take months to find out if a woman's breast cancer treatment is even working. A new scanner can give results in days.Easier Radiation for Breast CancerThere's a new kind of breast cancer therapy that's quicker, easier and better for patients.Meet Dr. Atul Gawande, Author of
Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance Meet Dr. Atul Gawande. He's a brilliant surgeon, professor and author who is not afraid to admit to his mistakes. Gawande's candor is changing the ways doctors think about improving the medical system.Breast ReductionThis video shows indicators for Beast Reduction or reduction mammoplasty. Breast Reduction surgery is done to reduce the weight, mass and size of the breasts.Self Breast ExamBreast Carcinoma or breast cancer is the most commonly occurring
cancer in middle-aged women. View this easy to follow video
animation to learn how to perform a Breast Self Exam.Erectile DysfunctionErectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for his or his partner's sexual needs. Watch this video animation as it shows how blood flow and other factors affect this disorder.
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Actonel - Drug DescriptionRisedronateCialis - Drug DescriptiontadalafilDetrol LA - Drug DescriptionTolterodineDiflucan - Drug DescriptionFluconazoleFemale pattern baldnessBaldnessGeneticsHormone levelsHealth Tip: Understanding Male Pattern BaldnessThe condition often is hereditary2007-04-11 00:00:00.0HealthDay2007-10-20 13:34:45.0Hernia SurgeryUrinary IncontinenceBenign Prostatic HyperplasiaProstate CancerExercise and Physical ActivityErectile DysfunctionErectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for his or his partner's sexual needs. Watch this video animation as it shows how blood flow and other factors affect this disorder.Best HIV ComboIntegration of Natural Medicine into Conventional Oncology
TreatmentThere's integration happening between traditional cancer care and
adjunct alternative therapies. Find out if new developments could
help you.Enlarged Prostate Symptoms and DiagnosisWatch this video to get an overview of BPH symptoms and how the
condition is typically diagnosed.Traditional Treatment Options for Enlarged ProstateWatch this video and get an overview of the wide array of options
to treat BPH.Treating Enlarged Prostate with Photoselective Vaporization of the
Prostate (PVP)Zithromax - Clinical PharmacologyAzithromycinAmbien - Overdosage & ContraindicationsZolpidemPrilosec - Drug DescriptionOmeprazolePrevacid - Clinical PharmacologyLansoprazoleDrug Combo Fights Brain TumorsEasier Treatment for Kidney DiseaseAspirin: Its a Man ThingBetter Asthma ControlPredicting Type 1 Diabetes BetterPlanning For The New Year: How Can I Stay Motivated?Is The Fitness Movement Dying?25 Quick Steps Towards A Healthier DietHow Do I Know If I'm Exercising Hard Enough?Fit or Fat Through The Ages: Covert Bailey's Top Ten Fitness and
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