HealthCentralcm.own.healthcentralgeneralhealth77nonenone2001Healthcentral.com is one of the most trusted sources of medical information and up to date news and contains a doctor-approved health encyclopedia of diseases and conditions, the ability to find symptoms and treatments. Also drug information with side effects and interactions./home/sites/healthcentralwww.healthcentral.com/HealthCentral : BrainBrain - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationBrain - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationBrainneurologyHealthCentralDiseasesBrainhttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/2038.htmlhttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/2038_pf.htmlChannel Page179488Brain2038.htmlBrainADAM Encyclopedia (more_index_1_8_7)Hypotension2007-03-27 13:52:38.0ADAM2010-02-06 10:54:26.0HypotensionHypotensionHypotensionHypotensionBlood pressureParkinson’s diseaseDiabetesAnaphylaxisArrhythmiasDehydrationFaintingHeart attackHeart failureShockEndovascular embolization2007-03-27 13:52:37.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Endovascular embolizationEndovascular embolizationEndovascular embolizationEndovascular embolizationAneurysm in the brainArteriovenous malformation - cerebralStereotactic radiosurgery2007-03-27 13:52:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:41:56.0Stereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgeryRadiation therapyAcoustic neuromaArteriovenous malformation - cerebralPituitary tumorEpilepsyTrigeminal neuralgiaMRICT scanSerotonin syndrome2007-03-27 13:52:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:23:03.0Serotonin syndromeSerotonin syndromeSerotonin syndromeSerotonin syndromeNICU consultants and support staff2006-11-04 00:54:35.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0NICU consultants and support staffNICU consultants and support staffAudiologyElectrocardiogramEchocardiogramCardiac catheterizationBiopsyIntravenousHepatitisCholestasisUltrasoundCancerCBCMeningitisCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionDiabetesSeizuresEEGCT scanMRISkull fractureBroken boneNecrotizing enterocolitisBarium enemaUnilateral hydronephrosisHypospadiasX-rayDevelopmental milestonesPremature infantHydrocephalusRetinopathy of prematurityNeonatal respiratory distress syndromeBronchopulmonary dysplasiaOxygen therapy - infants2006-11-04 00:54:32.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0Oxygen therapy - infantsOxygen therapy - infantsNasal CPAPMechanical ventilator - infantsInfant of a substance-abusing mother2006-11-04 00:54:31.0ADAM2010-10-08 09:51:29.0Infant of a substance-abusing motherInfant of a substance-abusing motherSubstance abuse during pregnancy21728 421728 5The fetus grows and develops due to the nourishment from the mother
via the placenta. Along with nutrients, any toxins in the mother's
system may be delivered to the fetus. These toxins often cause
damage to the fragile, developing fetal organs. Depending on the
organs affected, long-term effects may be severe, including mental
problems such as retardation and seizures.Drug dependenceBabies and diarrheaSeizuresFetal alcohol syndromePeriventricular leukomalacia2006-11-04 00:54:25.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:47:38.0Periventricular leukomalaciaPeriventricular leukomalaciaPeriventricular leukomalaciaPeriventricular leukomalaciaPremature infantApnea of prematurity2006-11-04 00:54:19.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:37:21.0Apnea of prematurityApnea of prematurityApnea of prematurityApnea of prematurityApnea monitor21727 421727 5An apnea monitor checks the heart rate and respiration of the baby
to make sure he or she is breathing properly. When either
one falls below normal levels, the apnea monitor beeps to notify
the care provider that something may be wrong. Newborns, especially
preemies, are often put on an apnea monitor to observe their
breathing patterns.Breathing - slowed or stoppedAnemiaBrain tumor - adults2006-11-04 00:54:15.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:52:06.0Brain tumor - adultsBrain tumor - adultsBrain tumor - adultsBrain tumor - adultsMetastatic brain tumorBrain tumor - childrenTumorInvasiveBenignMalignancyIncreased intracranial pressureCochlear implantCochlear implant2006-11-04 00:53:54.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:27:22.0Cochlear implantCochlear implantEar anatomy1092 41092 5The ear consists of external, middle, and inner structures. The
eardrum and the three tiny bones conduct sound from the eardrum to
the cochlea.CT scanHead MRIMeningitisCell phones - do they cause cancer?Cell phones - do they cause cancer?2006-11-04 00:53:25.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:19:06.0Cell phones - do they cause cancer?Cell phones - do they cause cancer?Stem cell researchStem cell research2006-11-04 00:53:19.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:28:15.0Stem cell researchStem cell researchIn vitro fertilization (IVF)Alzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s diseaseThrombolytic therapyThrombolytic therapy (tissue plasminogen activator - tPA)2006-11-04 00:53:11.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:36:53.0Thrombolytic therapyThrombolytic therapyThrombus18120 418120 5A thrombus is a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains
there. An embolism is a clot that travels from the site where it
formed to another location in the body. Thrombi or emboli can lodge
in a blood vessel and block the flow of blood in that location
depriving tissues of normal blood flow and oxygen. This can result
in damage, destruction (infarction), or even death of the tissues
(necrosis) in that area.Stroke17133 417133 5A stroke involves loss of brain functions caused by a loss of blood
circulation to areas of the brain. The blockage usually occurs when
a clot or piece of atherosclerotic plaque breaks away from another
area of the body and lodges within the vasculature of the brain.Hemorrhagic strokeElectrocardiogramHeart attackStrokePressure ulcerPressure ulcer (bedsore)2006-11-04 00:53:08.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:01:40.0Pressure ulcerPressure ulcerPressure ulcerPressure ulcerProgression of a decubitis ulcer19092 419092 5If untreated, a pressure sore can progress from a small irritated
but unbroken skin patch to a potentially life-threatening wound
involving extensive tissue death and infection. Treatment of the
serious decubitus ulcer may include drying out the wound, debriding
(excising) the dead tissue, and administering systemic antibiotics.Areas where bedsores occur19091 419091 5Bedsores, also known as pressure sores or decubitus ulcers, are a
breakdown and ulceration of tissue due to a combination of the
weight of the body on the surface of the skin and the friction of a
resistant surface such as a bed. Areas where bony prominences are
less padded by muscle and fat, such as the hip bones, tailbone and
heels of the feet, are most susceptible to bedsores. Non-mobile
patients are vulnerable to the formation pressure sores when left
lying for long periods of time in the same prone position.Chickenpox vaccineChickenpox - vaccine2006-11-04 00:53:05.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:40:30.0Chickenpox vaccineChickenpox vaccineChickenpox - lesions on the chest1301 41301 5This picture shows chickenpox lesions on the chest. A vaccine for
chickenpox has been approved for use in the United States.
Chickenpox remains a common infectious disease, and most people are
familiar with its appearance. (Image courtesy of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.)Chickenpox - lesion on the leg1302 41302 5This is a typical chickenpox lesion seen here on the leg. (Image
courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)Chickenpox, acute pneumonia - chest X-ray2317 42317 5This chest X-ray shows cloudiness throughout the lungs, caused by
acute pneumonia following chickenpox. Pneumonia, as a complication
of chickenpox, rarely occurs in children, but occurs in about
one-fifth of adults.Chickenpox19655 419655 5Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, a member of the
herpesvirus family. The same virus also causes herpes zoster,
shingles, in adults. Chickenpox is extremely contagious, and can be
spread by direct contact, droplet transmission, and airborne
transmission. Symptoms range from fever, headache, stomach ache, or
loss of appetite before breaking out in the classic pox rash. The
rash can consist of several hundred small, itchy, fluid-filled
blisters over red spots on the skin. The blisters often appear
first on the face, trunk, or scalp and then spread to other parts
of the body.Chickenpox - close-up2318 42318 5This is a close-up picture of chickenpox. Early chickenpox lesions
consist of small red papules which quickly fill with a yellowish or
straw colored fluid to form small blisters (vesicles), as seen in
this photograph. Later, these vesicles will rupture forming shallow
erosions that crust over and then ultimately heal.ShinglesChickenpoxFeverSeizuresPneumoniaAnaphylaxisAging changes in the sensesAging changes in the senses2006-11-04 00:52:38.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:44:44.0Aging changes in the sensesAging changes in the sensesSmelling200014 4Tasting200015 4Sense of sight8687 48687 5Vision occurs when light is processed by the eye and interpreted by
the brain. Light passes through the transparent eye surface
(cornea). The pupil (the black opening in the front of the eye) is
an opening to the eye interior. It can get larger or smaller to
regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The colored portion
(iris) is really a muscle controlling the pupil size. The inside of
the eye is filled with a gel-like fluid. There is a flexible,
transparent lens that focuses light so it hits on the back of the
eye (the retina). The retina converts light energy into a nerve
impulse that is carried to the brain and then interpreted.Aged eye anatomy8688 48688 5With age, the lens may become misshaped and the corneal tissue may
become clouded.Hearing aids8685 48685 5Some hearing loss is almost inevitable with age. It is estimated
that 30% of all people over 65 have significant hearing impairment.
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound has problems getting
through the external and middle ear. Surgery or a hearing aid may
be helpful for this type of hearing loss.Tongue8686 48686 5The tongue is mainly composed of muscles. It is covered with a
mucous membrane. Small nodules of tissue (papillae) cover the upper
surface of the tongue. Between the papillae are the taste buds,
which provide the sense of taste. In addition to taste, the tongue
functions in moving food to aid chewing and swallowing, and it is
important in speech.Hearing and the cochlea200057 4Aging changes in hearing8683 48683 5With aging, ear structures deteriorate. The eardrum often thickens
and the inner ear bones and other structures are affected.Seeing200013 4Feeling pain200009 4Age-related hearing lossHearing lossWax blockageTinnitusIrisRetinaVisual acuity testPresbyopiaCataractVisual fieldPeripheralGlaucomaMacular degenerationDiabetic retinopathyTaste - impairedBrain surgeryConfusionDiabetesAppendicitisFrostbiteHypothermiaBurnsUlcersAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in skinAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the faceAging changes in the nervous systemAging changes in the lungsAging changes in the lungs2006-11-04 00:52:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:00:36.0Aging changes in the lungsAging changes in the lungsBreathing200020 4Respiratory cilia19533 419533 5The bronchus in the lungs are lined with hair-like projections
called cilia that move microbes and debris up and out of the
airways. Scattered throughout the cilia are goblet
cells that secrete mucus which helps protect the lining of the
bronchus and trap microorganisms.Changes in lung tissue with age8676 48676 5Lung tissue atrophies and is not as efficient with age.Gas exchange200022 4KyphosisScoliosisFaintingPneumoniaCoughAntibodyObstructive sleep apneaBronchitisAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the heart and blood vesselsAging changes in vital signsAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in organs - tissue - cells2006-11-04 00:52:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:10:03.0Aging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsTissue types8682 48682 5There are 4 basic types of tissue: connective tissue, epithelial
tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue
supports other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, and
lymph tissues). Epithelial tissue provides a covering (skin, the
linings of the various passages inside the body). Muscle tissue
includes striated (also called voluntary) muscles that move the
skeleton, and smooth muscle, such as the muscles that surround the
stomach. Nerve tissue is made up of nerve cells (neurons) and is
used to carry "messages" to and from various parts of the body.Nerve conduction200011 4Nerve conductionEpitheliumLipofuscinHeart failureMetabolismHyperplasiaAging changes in hormone productionAging changes in immunityAging changes in skinAging changes in sleepAging changes in the bones - muscles - jointsAging changes in the breastAging changes in the faceAging changes in the female reproductive systemAging changes in the heart and blood vesselsAging changes in the kidneysAging changes in the lungsAging changes in the male reproductive systemAging changes in the nervous systemAging changes in hormone productionAging changes in hormone production2006-11-04 00:52:29.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:34:00.0Aging changes in hormone productionAging changes in hormone productionMenopause17252 417252 5Menopause is the transition in a woman's life when the ovaries stop
releasing eggs, menstrual activity decreases and eventually ceases,
and the body decreases the production of the female hormones
estrogen and progesterone.Female reproductive anatomy9433 49433 5The female reproductive organs are located in the lower abdomen.Endocrine glandsHypothalamusTSHMetabolismThyroid function testsOsteoporosisGlucose test - bloodAdrenal glandsAldosteroneElectrolytesTestosteroneGrowth hormone testReninProlactinPTHT3T4 testCatecholamines - bloodAging changes in immunityAging changes in organs - tissue - cellsAging changes in the male reproductive systemMenopauseRheumatic feverRheumatic fever2006-11-04 00:52:12.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:45:39.0Rheumatic feverRheumatic feverRheumatic feverRheumatic feverStrep throatScarlet feverEEGEEG2006-11-04 00:51:59.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:28:12.0EEGEEGEEGEEGBrain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Brain wave monitor8730 48730 5The brainstem auditory evoked response test (BAER), is performed to
help diagnose nervous-system abnormalities, hearing losses
(especially in low-birth weight newborns), and to assess neurologic
functions. The test focuses on changes and responses in brain
waves. The brain waves are stimulated by a clicking sound to
evaluate the central auditory pathways of the brainstem.EpilepsyConsciousness - decreasedConfusionHead injurySleep disordersBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked response2006-11-04 00:51:53.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:50:04.0BAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBAER - brainstem auditory evoked responseBrain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Brain wave monitor8730 48730 5The brainstem auditory evoked response test (BAER), is performed to
help diagnose nervous-system abnormalities, hearing losses
(especially in low-birth weight newborns), and to assess neurologic
functions. The test focuses on changes and responses in brain
waves. The brain waves are stimulated by a clicking sound to
evaluate the central auditory pathways of the brainstem.Infant test/procedure preparationToddler test or procedure preparationPreschooler test or procedure preparationSchool age test or procedure preparationAdolescent test or procedure preparationAmniocentesisAmniocentesis2006-11-04 00:51:46.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:15:38.0AmniocentesisAmniocentesisAmniocentesisAmniocentesisAmniocentesis1062 41062 5Amniocentesis is used to determine the health of an unborn baby.
Amniotic fluid contains cells that are normally shed from the
fetus. Samples of these cells are obtained by withdrawing some
amniotic fluid. The chromosome analysis of these cells can be
performed to determine abnormalities. In addition, the cells may be
cultured and analyzed for enzymes, or for other materials that may
indicate genetically transmitted diseases. Other studies can be
done directly on the amniotic fluid including measurement of
alpha-fetoprotein.Amniocentesis - series2007-03-27 13:09:41.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Amniocentesis9631 49631 5In amniocentesis a hollow needle is inserted into the mother's
abdomen into the uterus, and amniotic fluid is drawn for analysis.UltrasoundPregnancy ultrasoundBlood typingAnencephalyDown syndromeMyelomeningoceleRh incompatibilitySkull x-raySkull X-ray2006-11-04 00:48:39.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:19:59.0Skull x-raySkull x-raySkull x-raySkull x-rayX-ray1057 41057 5X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation that can penetrate the body
to form an image on film. Structures that are dense (such as bone)
will appear white, air will be black, and other structures will be
shades of gray depending on density. X-rays can provide information
about obstructions, tumors, and other diseases, especially when
coupled with the use of barium and air contrast within the bowel.Skull of an adult1735 41735 5This picture shows a normal skull of an adult.X-raySinus x-rayHead injuryMalocclusion of teethMastoiditisOccupational hearing lossEar infection - chronicOtosclerosisPituitary tumorSinusitisCerebral angiographyCerebral angiography2006-11-04 00:48:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:56:47.0Cerebral angiographyCerebral angiographyCerebral angiographyCerebral angiographyCarotid stenosis, X-ray of the right artery1153 41153 5This is an angiogram of the right carotid artery showing a severe
narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just past the
carotid fork. There is enlargement of the artery or ulceration in
the area after the stenosis in this close-up film. Note the
narrowed segment toward the bottom of the picture.Brain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Carotid stenosis, X-ray of the left artery1152 41152 5A carotid arteriogram is an x-ray study designed to determine if
there is narrowing or other abnormality in the carotid artery, a
main artery to the brain. This is an angiogram of the left common
carotid artery (both front-to-back and side views) showing a severe
narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just beyond the
division of the common carotid artery into the internal and
external branches.X-rayBlood clotsElectrocardiogramTumorStrokeCranial CT scanAbdominal MRI scanAbdominal MRI2006-11-04 00:48:29.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:14:08.0Abdominal MRI scanAbdominal MRI scanAbdominal MRI scanAbdominal MRI scanDigestive system1090 4Find an image showing the digestive system and its component parts.1090 5The esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine, aided by the
liver, gallbladder and pancreas convert the nutritive components of
food into energy and break down the non-nutritive components into
waste to be excreted.MRI scans1107 41107 5MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It allows imaging of the
interior of the body without using x-rays or other types of
ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail
of different tissues.NoninvasiveX-rayMRIStentCT scanArteriogramHeart MRIHeart MRI2006-11-04 00:48:27.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:39:43.0Heart MRIHeart MRIHeart MRIHeart MRIHeart, front view1097 41097 5The external structures of the heart include the ventricles, atria,
arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while
veins carry blood into the heart. The vessels colored blue indicate
the transport of blood with relatively low content of oxygen and
high content of carbon dioxide. The vessels colored red indicate
the transport of blood with relatively high content of oxygen and
low content of carbon dioxide.Heart, section through the middle1056 41056 5The interior of the heart is composed of valves, chambers, and
associated vessels.MRI scans1107 41107 5MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It allows imaging of the
interior of the body without using x-rays or other types of
ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail
of different tissues.Chest MRIX-rayCT scanStentMRIArteriogramEchocardiogramChest MRIChest MRI2006-11-04 00:48:25.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:55:03.0Chest MRIChest MRIChest MRIChest MRIVertebra, thoracic (mid back)1774 41774 5These are twelve vertebra of the mid back. The last vertebra (on
the left side of the picture) attaches to the lumbar (lower) spine,
and the top vertebra (on the right) attaches to the cervical (neck)
section of the back. The vertebra are broader and stronger than the
cervical bones. This allows them to absorb the added pressure
applied to the mid back, but they remain a common sight of injury.
The vertebra are numbered from one to twelve and labeled T1, T2, T3
etc. from the upper most bones to the lowest.MRI scans1107 41107 5MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It allows imaging of the
interior of the body without using x-rays or other types of
ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail
of different tissues.X-rayCT scanMRIStentArteriogramLumbosacral spine MRILumbosacral spine MRI2006-11-04 00:48:23.0ADAM2009-11-05 06:56:43.0Lumbosacral spine MRILumbosacral spine MRILumbosacral spine MRILumbosacral spine MRILumbar vertebrae9538 49538 5There are five lumbar vertebrae located in the lower back.MRI scans1107 41107 5MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It allows imaging of the
interior of the body without using x-rays or other types of
ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail
of different tissues.CT scanMRIInfant test/procedure preparationToddler test or procedure preparationPreschooler test or procedure preparationSchool age test or procedure preparationAdolescent test or procedure preparationNoninvasiveHerniated diskSpinal cord traumaSpinal tumorSpine MRISpine MRI2006-11-04 00:48:21.0ADAM2007-10-20 15:37:30.0Spine MRISpine MRISpine MRISpine MRIPosterior spinal anatomy9766 49766 5The vertebral column is divided into the cervical, thoracic, and
lumbar region. It provides structural support for the trunk and
surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The vertebral column also
provides attachment points for the muscles of the back and ribs.Vertebra, thoracic (mid back)1774 41774 5These are twelve vertebra of the mid back. The last vertebra (on
the left side of the picture) attaches to the lumbar (lower) spine,
and the top vertebra (on the right) attaches to the cervical (neck)
section of the back. The vertebra are broader and stronger than the
cervical bones. This allows them to absorb the added pressure
applied to the mid back, but they remain a common sight of injury.
The vertebra are numbered from one to twelve and labeled T1, T2, T3
etc. from the upper most bones to the lowest.Vertebra, lumbar (low back)1773 41773 5These are the five vertebra of the lower back. The last vertebra
(on the upper left of the picture) attaches to the sacrum, and the
top vertebra (on the right of the picture) attaches to the thoracic
section of the back. The vertebra are broader and stronger than the
other bones in the spine. This allows them to absorb the added
pressure applied to the lower back, but this area remains a common
site of injury. The vertebra are numbered from one to five and are
labeled L1, L2, L3 etc. from the higher bones to the lower.Skeletal spine1116 41116 5The spine is divided into several sections. The cervical vertebrae
make up the neck. The thoracic vertebrae comprise the chest section
and have ribs attached. The lumbar vertebrae are the remaining
vertebrae below the last thoracic bone and the top of the sacrum.
The sacral vertebrae are caged within the bones of the pelvis, and
the coccyx represents the terminal vertebrae or vestigial tail.MRI scans1107 41107 5MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It allows imaging of the
interior of the body without using x-rays or other types of
ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail
of different tissues.NoninvasiveMRIStentHead MRIMRI of the head2006-11-04 00:48:19.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:28:49.0Head MRIHead MRIHead MRIHead MRILobes of the brain9549 49549 5Each lobe of the brain has a different set of functions, so damage
to a particular lobe may determine the type of problems that could
be expected.Brain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.MRI scans1107 41107 5MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It allows imaging of the
interior of the body without using x-rays or other types of
ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail
of different tissues.MyelinNoninvasiveX-rayCT scanMRIStentMultiple sclerosisArteriogramCranial CT scanCranial CT scan2006-11-04 00:48:06.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:09:06.0Cranial CT scanCranial CT scanCranial CT scanCranial CT scanAcuteStrokeIntracerebral hemorrhageHeadacheCT scanCarotid duplexCarotid duplex2006-11-04 00:47:45.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:50:24.0Carotid duplexCarotid duplexCarotid duplexCarotid duplexCarotid stenosis, X-ray of the right artery1153 41153 5This is an angiogram of the right carotid artery showing a severe
narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just past the
carotid fork. There is enlargement of the artery or ulceration in
the area after the stenosis in this close-up film. Note the
narrowed segment toward the bottom of the picture.Carotid duplex18051 418051 5Carotid duplex is an ultrasound procedure performed to assess blood
flow through the carotid artery to the brain. High-frequency sound
waves are directed from a hand-held transducer probe to the area.
These waves "echo" off the arterial structures and produce a
2-dimensional image on a monitor, which will make obstructions or
narrowing of the arteries visible.Carotid stenosis, X-ray of the left artery1152 41152 5A carotid arteriogram is an x-ray study designed to determine if
there is narrowing or other abnormality in the carotid artery, a
main artery to the brain. This is an angiogram of the left common
carotid artery (both front-to-back and side views) showing a severe
narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just beyond the
division of the common carotid artery into the internal and
external branches.UltrasoundBlood clotsNoninvasiveCerebrospinal fluid cultureCSF culture2006-11-04 00:47:38.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:30:39.0Cerebrospinal fluid cultureCerebrospinal fluid cultureCerebrospinal fluid cultureCerebrospinal fluid culturePneumococci organism1054 41054 5This picture shows the organism Pneumococci. These bacteria are
usually paired (diplococci) or appear in chains. Pneumococci are
typically associated with pneumonia, but may cause infection in
other organs such as the brain (pneumococcal meningitis) and blood
stream (pneumococcal septicemia). (Image courtesy of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention.)Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF smearCSF smear2006-11-04 00:47:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:35:41.0CSF smearCSF smearCSF smearCSF smearCSF smear9242 49242 5Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that circulates in the
space surrounding the spinal cord and brain. CSF protects the brain
and spinal cord from injury by acting like a liquid cushion. CSF is
usually obtained through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). During the
procedure, a needle is inserted usually between the 3rd and 4th
lumbar vertebrae and the CSF fluid is collected for testing.Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCortisol - urineCortisol - urine2006-11-04 00:46:08.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:29:47.0Cortisol - urineCortisol - urineCortisol - urineCortisol - urineFemale urinary tract1122 41122 5The female and male urinary tracts are relatively the same except
for the length of the urethra.Urine sample10011 410011 5A "clean-catch" urine sample is performed by collecting the sample
of urine in midstream. Men or boys should wipe clean the head of
the penis. Women or girls need to wash the area between the lips of
the vagina with soapy water and rinse well. A small amount of urine
should initially fall into the toilet bowl before it is collected
(this clears the urethra of contaminants). Then, in a clean
container, catch about 1 to 2 ounces of urine and remove the
container from the urine stream. The container is then given to the
health care provider.Male urinary tract1123 41123 5The male and female urinary tracts are relatively the same except
for the length of the urethra.ACTHADHADH2006-11-04 00:46:06.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:12:55.0ADHADHADHADHBlood pressureHypothalamusACTHACTH2006-11-04 00:45:56.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:36:35.0ACTHACTHACTHACTHEndocrine glands1093 41093 5Endocrine glands release hormones (chemical messengers) into the
bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues
throughout the body. For instance, the pancreas secretes insulin,
which allows the body to regulate levels of sugar in the blood. The
thyroid gets instructions from the pituitary to secrete hormones
which determine the pace of chemical activity in the body (the more
hormone in the bloodstream, the faster the chemical activity; the
less hormone, the slower the activity).CSF glucose testCSF glucose2006-11-04 00:44:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:30:31.0CSF glucose testCSF glucose testCSF glucose testCSF glucose testGlucose test - bloodGlucose test - urineCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF oligoclonal banding2006-11-04 00:44:32.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:35.0CSF oligoclonal bandingCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF oligoclonal banding - series2007-03-27 13:09:19.0ADAM2010-05-27 18:01:04.0Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionMultiple sclerosisCSF cell countCSF cell count2006-11-04 00:44:23.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:55:06.0CSF cell countCSF cell countCSF cell countCSF cell countCSF cell count9238 49238 5CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is a clear fluid that circulates in the
space surrounding the spinal cord and brain. A CSF cell count is a
test to measure the number of red and white blood cells that are in
CSF.Infant test/procedure preparationToddler test or procedure preparationPreschooler test or procedure preparationSchool age test or procedure preparationAdolescent test or procedure preparationCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionMeningitisTumorAbscessCSF-VDRL testCSF VDRL test2006-11-04 00:44:21.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:00:52.0CSF-VDRL testCSF-VDRL testCSF-VDRL testCSF-VDRL testCSF test for syphilis9243 49243 5Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) of the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used to screen for syphilis. CSF is a
clear fluid that circulates in the space surrounding the spinal
cord.NeurosyphilisVDRL testCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCatecholamines - urineCatecholamines - urine2006-11-04 00:44:07.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:39:15.0Catecholamines - urineCatecholamines - urineCatecholamines - urineCatecholamines - urineCatecholamine urine test9160 49160 5Catecholamine is a test that measures the level of catecholamines
or catecholamine metabolites (break-down products) in urine.Female urinary tract1122 41122 5The female and male urinary tracts are relatively the same except
for the length of the urethra.Male urinary tract1123 41123 5The male and female urinary tracts are relatively the same except
for the length of the urethra.Catecholamines - bloodPenisStress and anxietyCaffeine in the dietNiacinPheochromocytomaNeuroblastomaGlucose test - urineGlucose - urine2006-11-04 00:43:14.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:11:00.0Glucose test - urineGlucose test - urineGlucose test - urineGlucose test - urineMale urinary system10022 410022 5The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and
bladder.CarbohydratesGlucose test - bloodCSF glucose testBlood glucose monitoringUrine culture - clean catchDiabetesAcetylcholine receptor antibodyAcetylcholine receptor antibody2006-11-04 00:43:04.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:41:10.0Acetylcholine receptor antibodyAcetylcholine receptor antibodyAcetylcholine receptor antibodyAcetylcholine receptor antibodyBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.AntibodyMyasthenia gravisCSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF coccidioides complement fixation2006-11-04 00:41:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:20:50.0CSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF coccidioides complement fixationBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.AntigenComplementCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionAmmonium ionAmmonium ion2006-11-04 00:41:03.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:35:19.0Ammonium ionAmmonium ionAmmonium ionAmmonium ionBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.MetabolismCPK isoenzymes testCPK isoenzymes2006-11-04 00:41:00.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:19:32.0CPK isoenzymes testCPK isoenzymes testCPK isoenzymes testCPK isoenzymes testBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.EnzymeHeart attackChest painAnginaPulmonary embolusHeart failureCreatine phosphokinase testCreatine phosphokinase testCPK2006-11-04 00:40:59.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:41:46.0Creatine phosphokinase testCreatine phosphokinase testCreatine phosphokinase testCreatine phosphokinase testBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.EnzymeCPK isoenzymes testHeart attackChest painDermatomyositisPolymyositis - adultMalignant hyperthermiaMuscular dystrophyLDH isoenzymesLDH isoenzymes2006-11-04 00:40:52.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:59:34.0LDH isoenzymesLDH isoenzymesLDH isoenzymesLDH isoenzymesBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.Lactate dehydrogenase testGlucose test - bloodGlucose test2006-11-04 00:40:28.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:38:24.0Glucose test - bloodGlucose test - bloodGlucose test - bloodGlucose test - bloodBlood test10026 410026 5Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside
of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the
vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe.
Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.VenipunctureBlood pressureBleedingDiabetesCSF glucose testGlucose test - urineBlood glucose monitoringCarbohydratesLactate dehydrogenase testLDH2006-11-04 00:40:14.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:58:31.0Lactate dehydrogenase testLactate dehydrogenase testLactate dehydrogenase testLactate dehydrogenase testLactic acid testMetabolismLDH isoenzymesEnzymeAnemia - B12 deficiencyMegaloblastic anemiaPernicious anemiaCaloric stimulationCaloric stimulation2006-11-04 00:39:22.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:35:32.0Caloric stimulationCaloric stimulationCaloric stimulationCaloric stimulationNystagmusDizzinessAnemiaConsciousness - decreasedCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF collection2006-11-04 00:39:20.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:19.0Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF chemistry9239 49239 5Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that circulates in the
space surrounding the spinal cord and brain. CSF protects the brain
and spinal cord from injury by acting like a liquid cushion. CSF is
usually obtained through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). During the
procedure, a needle is inserted usually between the 3rd and 4th
lumbar vertebrae and the CSF fluid is collected for testing.Lumbar vertebrae9507 49507 5There are 5 lumbar vertebrae located in the lower back. These
vertebrae receive the most stress and are the weight-bearing
portion of the back. The lumbar vertebrae allow movements such as
flexion and extension and some lateral flexion.Cerebrospinal fluid cultureLumbosacral spine x-rayBrain herniationCSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF smearCSF-VDRL testIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoring2006-11-04 00:39:00.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:22:11.0Intracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoring9480 49480 5Intracranial pressure monitoring is performed by inserting a
catheter into the head with a sensing device to monitor the
pressure around the brain. An increase in intracranial pressure can
cause a decrease in blood flow to the brain causing brain damage.LateralIncreased intracranial pressureInvasiveNews (more_index_1_1_1)FYI (more_index_1_1_3)Health Tip: Causes of FaintingStress, medications are possible triggers2007-07-27 00:00:00.0HealthDay2008-05-05 21:47:27.0Acoustic NeurinomaBell's PalsyBrain and Spinal Cord Magnetic Resonance ImagingBrain TumorsBrain Surgery with Water? Careful planning with water is keeping patients undergoing brain surgery safe when they're under the knife.Breakthrough Coma Reversal With Glue
It's a medical first … a man brought out of a coma with glue!
MS DiscoveryA new gene could help researchers find the key to treating MS.New Hope for SeizuresA new device that stops seizures in their tracks is helping some epileptics live life to the fullest.Adderal XR - Drug DescriptionAmphetamine Mixed SaltsConcerta - Drug DescriptionMethylphenidate XRCoumadin - Drug DescriptionWarfarin Sodium Tablets, USPDepakote - Drug DescriptionDivalproexHealth Tip: Activities for People With Alzheimer'sBleedingAnxietyStressDizzinessFaintingAllergiesNasal congestionDehydrationHealth Tip: Protect Your Head After ConcussionAvoid activities that could lead to additional injury2007-07-26 00:00:00.0HealthDay2008-05-05 21:46:52.0Acoustic NeurinomaAnimal BitesAnterior Cruciate Ligament RepairArthritisBrain Surgery with Water? Careful planning with water is keeping patients undergoing brain surgery safe when they're under the knife.Breakthrough Coma Reversal With Glue
It's a medical first … a man brought out of a coma with glue!
MS DiscoveryA new gene could help researchers find the key to treating MS.New Hope for SeizuresA new device that stops seizures in their tracks is helping some epileptics live life to the fullest.Adderal XR - Drug DescriptionAmphetamine Mixed SaltsConcerta - Drug DescriptionMethylphenidate XRCoumadin - Drug DescriptionWarfarin Sodium Tablets, USPDepakote - Drug DescriptionDivalproexIrritabilityConcussionDizzinessHealth Tip: Signs of a ConcussionIncluding headache and dizziness2007-05-01 00:00:00.0HealthDay2007-10-20 13:22:33.0Knee InjuryCarpal Tunnel SyndromeArthritisLyme DiseaseHip FractureKnifeless Surgery for Kids
There's a new option for children who need brain surgery, and it
doesn't involve any cutting at all.
Healing Brains and Bones
Two big ideas: researchers are finding ways to save injured brains
-- and injured bones.
Saving Trauma Patients
It's already being used in Europe. Now a national study is testing
an experimental treatment to see if it can help improve survival
rates for trauma patients.
Protecting Brains
A natural hormone may change the way doctors treat many ER patients
with brain injuries. "To have anything that would even marginally
improve the outcome for these patients would be a dramatic find."
Better Knees
If you've got chronic knee pain but you don't want to undergo a
total knee replacement, listen up! A new implant could help.
Ambien - Side Effects & Drug InteractionsZolpidemLipitor - Clinical PharmacologyAtorvastatinSingulair - Clinical PharmacologyMontelukast sodiumTopamax - Drug DescriptionTopiramateTopamax - Indications & DosageTopiramateHealth Tip: Living With MSConcussionDrowsinessConfusionHeadacheWeaknessDizzinessMemory lossHealth Tip: Brain HealthKeep your mind sharp as you age2007-04-09 00:00:00.0HealthDay2007-10-20 13:34:24.0Liver SpotsOsteoporosisAlzheimer's DiseasePneumoniaPolymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)Erectile DysfunctionErectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for his or his partner's sexual needs. Watch this video animation as it shows how blood flow and other factors affect this disorder.Alzheimer's Disease Video AnimationWhat is a Heart Attack?This video animation demonstrates how a heart attack can happen. Heart attack or myocardial infarction is caused due to coronary artery blockage.Heart Transplant Breakthrough
A new test makes life easier for heart transplant patients.
Knifeless Surgery for Kids
There's a new option for children who need brain surgery, and it
doesn't involve any cutting at all.
Clean the Blood, Save the Heart
Cleaning the blood may help treat a failing heart.
Healing Brains and Bones
Two big ideas: researchers are finding ways to save injured brains
-- and injured bones.
Hybrid Hearing
Hearing aids don't always help and devices like cochlear
(coke-lee-ur) implants are only reserved for the worst
cases...until now! A new twist on an old device may give some
people their lives back.
Topamax - Drug DescriptionTopiramateUltram - Side Effects & Drug InteractionsTramadolVioxx - Overdosage & ContraindicationsRofecoxibVioxx - Side Effects & Drug InteractionsRofecoxibZithromax - Drug DescriptionAzithromycinHealth Tip: Living With MSStress