HealthCentralcm.own.healthcentralgeneralhealth77nonenone2001Healthcentral.com is one of the most trusted sources of medical information and up to date news and contains a doctor-approved health encyclopedia of diseases and conditions, the ability to find symptoms and treatments. Also drug information with side effects and interactions./home/sites/healthcentralwww.healthcentral.com/HealthCentral : Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationCerebral Palsy - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationneurologyHealthCentralDiseasesCerebral Palsyhttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/2039.htmlhttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/2039_pf.htmlChannel Page179512Cerebral Palsy2039.htmlCerebral PalsyADAM Encyclopedia (more_index_1_8_7)Cerebral angiographyCerebral angiography2006-11-04 00:48:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:56:47.0Cerebral angiographyCerebral angiographyCerebral angiographyCerebral angiographyCarotid stenosis, X-ray of the right artery1153 41153 5This is an angiogram of the right carotid artery showing a severe narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just past the carotid fork. There is enlargement of the artery or ulceration in the area after the stenosis in this close-up film. Note the narrowed segment toward the bottom of the picture.Brain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Carotid stenosis, X-ray of the left artery1152 41152 5A carotid arteriogram is an x-ray study designed to determine if there is narrowing or other abnormality in the carotid artery, a main artery to the brain. This is an angiogram of the left common carotid artery (both front-to-back and side views) showing a severe narrowing (stenosis) of the internal carotid artery just beyond the division of the common carotid artery into the internal and external branches.X-rayBlood clotsElectrocardiogramTumorStrokeCranial CT scanCerebrospinal fluid cultureCSF culture2006-11-04 00:47:38.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:30:39.0Cerebrospinal fluid cultureCerebrospinal fluid cultureCerebrospinal fluid cultureCerebrospinal fluid culturePneumococci organism1054 41054 5This picture shows the organism Pneumococci. These bacteria are usually paired (diplococci) or appear in chains. Pneumococci are typically associated with pneumonia, but may cause infection in other organs such as the brain (pneumococcal meningitis) and blood stream (pneumococcal septicemia). (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF collection2006-11-04 00:39:20.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:19.0Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF chemistry9239 49239 5Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that circulates in the space surrounding the spinal cord and brain. CSF protects the brain and spinal cord from injury by acting like a liquid cushion. CSF is usually obtained through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). During the procedure, a needle is inserted usually between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae and the CSF fluid is collected for testing.Lumbar vertebrae9507 49507 5There are 5 lumbar vertebrae located in the lower back. These vertebrae receive the most stress and are the weight-bearing portion of the back. The lumbar vertebrae allow movements such as flexion and extension and some lateral flexion.Cerebrospinal fluid cultureLumbosacral spine x-rayBrain herniationCSF coccidioides complement fixationCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF smearCSF-VDRL testIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoring2006-11-04 00:39:00.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:22:11.0Intracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoringIntracranial pressure monitoring9480 49480 5Intracranial pressure monitoring is performed by inserting a catheter into the head with a sensing device to monitor the pressure around the brain. An increase in intracranial pressure can cause a decrease in blood flow to the brain causing brain damage.LateralIncreased intracranial pressureInvasiveCSF myelin basic proteinCSF myelin basic protein2006-11-04 00:38:07.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:00:19.0CSF myelin basic proteinCSF myelin basic proteinCSF myelin basic proteinCSF myelin basic proteinMyelinCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionMultiple sclerosisSpinal cord traumaStrokeCSF analysisCSF chemistry2006-11-04 00:38:05.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:34:11.0CSF analysisCSF analysisCSF analysisCSF analysisCSF chemistry9239 49239 5Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that circulates in the space surrounding the spinal cord and brain. CSF protects the brain and spinal cord from injury by acting like a liquid cushion. CSF is usually obtained through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). During the procedure, a needle is inserted usually between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae and the CSF fluid is collected for testing.Brain herniationLateralCerebrospinal fluid cultureCSF coccidioides complement fixationCytologic evaluationCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionCSF-VDRL testCSF cell countMeningitis - cryptococcalCSF glucose testLactate dehydrogenase testCSF oligoclonal bandingCSF total proteinArteriogramArteriogram2006-11-04 00:37:12.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:33:30.0ArteriogramArteriogramArteriogramArteriogramCardiac arteriogram9077 49077 5An arteriorgram is the injection of contrast material or dye into one or more arteries to make them visible on an x-ray. The blood flow through the area can be evaluated with fluoroscopy (i.e., continuous X-rays that allow one to see the contrast material in movement).Left heart ventricular angiographyAortic angiographyCerebral angiographyCoronary angiographyExtremity arteriographyFluorescein angiographyLymphangiogramPulmonary angiographyRenal arteriographyMotormental retardationMotormental retardation2006-11-04 00:36:55.0ADAM2009-11-05 06:33:06.0Motormental retardationMotormental retardationMotormental retardationMotormental retardation17271 417271 5Motormental retardation in children is generally related to significant central nervous system damage or abnormality. It refers both to lack of mental development and motor development. There can be various degrees of mental retardation, and failure to meet various normal developmental milestones.Central nervous systemMental retardationDevelopmental milestonesCongenital rubellaToxoplasmosisTrisomy 13Fragile X syndromePrader-Willi syndromeMeningitisEncephalitisRh incompatibilityReye syndromeNeonatal hypothyroidismPhenylketonuriaTay-Sachs diseaseAicardi syndromeNiemann-Pick diseaseDecerebrate postureDecerebrate posture2006-11-04 00:36:39.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:44:44.0Decerebrate postureDecerebrate postureDecerebrate postureIntracerebral hemorrhageOpisthotonosDecorticate postureStrokeBrain tumor - childrenHead injuryIncreased intracranial pressureHepatic encephalopathySpasticitySpasticity2006-11-04 00:36:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:22:40.0SpasticitySpasticitySpasticityCentral nervous system8679 48679 5The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes all peripheral nerves.Muscle crampsContracture deformityCerebral palsyNear drowningAdrenoleukodystrophyPhenylketonuriaMoro reflexMoro reflex2006-11-04 00:36:32.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:49:37.0Moro reflexMoro reflexMoro reflexMoro reflex17269 417269 5The Moro reflex is a normal reflex for an infant when he or she is startled or feels like they are falling. The infant will have a "startled" look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed. Absence of the Moro reflex in newborn infants is abnormal and may indicate an injury or disease.Neonate9692 49692 5A newly born infant is also called a neonate.TractionCentral nervous systemBrachial plexusInfant reflexesBrachial palsy in newbornsSpeech impairment (adult)Speech impairment (adult)2006-11-04 00:34:48.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:30:30.0Speech impairment (adult)Speech impairment (adult)Speech impairment (adult)Brain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.StutteringExpressive language disorder - developmentalSpasmodic dysphoniaAlzheimer’s diseaseAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisMultiple sclerosisBell's palsyHead injuryParkinson’s diseaseHuntington's diseaseStrokeTransient ischemic attackWalking abnormalitiesWalking/gait abnormalities2006-11-04 00:34:43.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:56:11.0Walking abnormalitiesWalking abnormalitiesWalking abnormalitiesDizzinessCentral nervous systemMultiple sclerosisCerebral palsyMuscular dystrophyMyositisWartsBunionsIngrown toenailArthritisChondromalacia patellaConversion disorderBroken boneHemophiliaTendinitisTesticular torsionHemoglobin derivativesParkinson’s diseaseStrokeCervical spondylosisPernicious anemiaSpinal cord traumaTumorSyringomyeliaBrain abscessBrain tumor - childrenHead injuryGuillain-Barre syndromeMuscle atrophyPoliomyelitisDevelopmental dysplasia of the hipMovement - uncontrolled or slowMovement - uncontrolled or slow2006-11-04 00:34:41.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:00:31.0Movement - uncontrolled or slowMovement - uncontrolled or slowMovement - uncontrolled or slowMuscular atrophy9680 49680 5Muscular atrophy is the decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissue. Muscles that lose their nerve supply can atrophy and simply waste away.Movement - unpredictable or jerkyStereotypic movement disorderMovement - uncoordinatedMovement - uncontrollableCerebral palsyEncephalitisHepatic encephalopathyHuntington's diseaseFocal neurological deficitsFocal neurological deficits2006-11-04 00:34:35.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:58:11.0Focal neurological deficitsFocal neurological deficitsFocal neurological deficitsBrain1074 41074 5The major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.Muscle function lossNeurologic deficitConsciousness - decreasedWeaknessHypotoniaNumbness and tinglingHorner syndromeEyelid droopingMovement - uncoordinatedFine motor controlSwallowing difficultySpeech impairment (adult)Visual fieldVision problemsBrain tumor - childrenCerebral palsyCarpal tunnel syndromeStrokeMuscle function lossMuscle function loss2006-11-04 00:34:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:27:20.0Muscle function lossMuscle function lossMuscle function lossMuscle crampsBroken boneStrokeAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisBell's palsyBotulismGuillain-Barre syndromePoisoning - fish and shellfishPoliomyelitisSpinal cord traumaAbnormal posturingAbnormal posturing2006-11-04 00:34:33.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:33:40.0Abnormal posturingAbnormal posturingAbnormal posturingCentral nervous systemDecerebrate postureDecorticate postureOpisthotonosIncreased intracranial pressureReye syndromeHead injuryBrain herniationContracture deformityContracture deformity2006-11-04 00:34:30.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:48:41.0Contracture deformityContracture deformityContracture deformityContracture deformity9218 49218 5A contracture is a fixed tightening of muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin. It prevents normal movement of the associated body part. An injury such as a severe burn can cause contracture of the skin. The skin becomes scarred and nonelastic which limits the range of movement of the affected area.Becker's muscular dystrophyCerebral palsyDuchenne muscular dystrophyDupuytren’s contractureVolkmann’s ischemic contractureMuscular dystrophyWeaknessWeakness may be subjective (feeling weak with no measurable loss of strength).Weakness2006-11-04 00:34:18.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:22:01.0tired woman
tired woman
WeaknessWeaknessWeaknessPeripheralSpasticityAutoimmune disordersStrokeMultiple sclerosisMononucleosisThe fluAddison’s diseaseHyperthyroidismAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisCerebral palsyGuillain-Barre syndromeDermatomyositisMuscular dystrophyBotulismInsecticidePoisoning - fish and shellfishMyasthenia gravisPoliomyelitisLimited range of motionLimited range of motion2006-11-04 00:34:17.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:06:11.0Limited range of motionLimited range of motionLimited range of motionThe structure of a joint19399 419399 5Joints, particularly hinge joints like the elbow and the knee, are complex structures made up of bone, muscles, synovium, cartilage, and ligaments that are designed to bear weight and move the body through space. The knee consists of the femur (thigh bone) above, and the tibia (shin bone) and fibula below. The kneecap (patella) glides through a shallow groove on the front part of the lower thigh bone. Ligaments and tendons connect the three bones of the knee, which are contained in the joint capsule (synovium) and are cushioned by cartilage.Limited range of motion9530 49530 5When a joint does not move fully and easily in its normal manner it is considered to have a limited range of motion. Motion may be limited by a mechanical problem within the joint, swelling of tissue around the joint, spasticity of the muscles, pain or disease.SwellingContracture deformityAnkylosing spondylitisCerebral palsyTorticollisDislocationBroken boneJuvenile rheumatoid arthritisLegg-Calve-Perthes diseaseRheumatoid arthritisSyphilisClaw footClaw foot2006-11-04 00:34:13.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:46:39.0Claw footClaw footClaw footClaw foot9195 49195 5Claw toe is a deformity of the foot in which the toes are pointed down and the arch is high, making the foot appear claw-like. Claw toe can be a condition from birth or develop as a consequence from other disorders.Claw handCerebral palsyCharcot-Marie-Tooth diseaseRheumatoid arthritisTooth - abnormal shapeTooth - abnormal shape2006-11-04 00:32:24.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:40:17.0Tooth - abnormal shapeTooth - abnormal shapeTooth - abnormal shapeDevelopment of permanent teeth18162 418162 5Both baby and permanent teeth have fairly well-defined times of eruption. The ages listed are the typical ages that an adult tooth has fully emerged. UPPER and LOWERERUPTS BY Central incisor 7th Yr Lateral incisor 8th Yr Canine (Cuspid) 11-12th Yr First premolar (Bicuspid) 9th YrSecond premolar(Bicuspid)10th YrFirst molar6th YrSecond molar 12-13th Yr Third molar 17-25th YrDevelopment of baby teeth1138 41138 5Both baby teeth (deciduous or milk teeth) and permanent teeth have fairly well-defined times of eruption. The ages listed are the normal ages that a baby tooth emerges.UPPERERUPTS BY LOWERERUPTS BY Central incisor8-10 Mo Central incisor6-9 MoLateral incisor8-10 Mo Lateral incisor 15-21 Mo Canine (Cuspid)16-20 Mo Canine (Cuspid)15-21 Mo First molar15-21 Mo First molar15-21 Mo Second molar20-24 MoSecond molar20-24 MoTooth anatomy1121 41121 5The structure of the tooth includes dentin, pulp and other tissues, blood vessels and nerves imbedded in the bony jaw. Above the gum line, the tooth is protected by the hard enamel covering.Congenital syphilisCerebral palsyEctodermal dysplasiaIncontinentia pigmenti achromiansCleidocranial dysostosisEhlers-Danlos syndromeEllis-van Creveld syndromeTaste - impairedTaste - impaired2006-11-04 00:32:10.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:37:06.0Taste - impairedTaste - impairedTaste - impairedTasting200015 4Bell's palsyCommon coldThe fluGingivitisPharyngitisSalivary gland infectionsSjogren syndromeStrep throatVitamin B12Facial paralysisFacial paralysis2006-11-04 00:31:47.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:29:03.0Facial paralysisFacial paralysisFacial paralysisPtosis, drooping of the eyelid1111 41111 5Drooping of the eyelid is called ptosis. Ptosis may result from damage to the nerve that controls the muscles of the eyelid, problems with the muscle strength (as in myasthenia gravis), or from swelling of the lid.Facial drooping9101 49101 5Facial drooping can be caused by a disorder such as Bell's palsy. This disorder is a mononeuropathy (involvement of a single nerve) that damages the seventh cranial (facial) nerve. The facial nerve controls movement of the muscles of the face.Bell's palsyBrain tumor - childrenSeizuresFacial nerve palsy due to birth traumaLyme diseaseSarcoidosisBrain surgeryBrain surgery2006-11-04 00:31:38.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:30:02.0Brain surgeryBrain surgeryBrain surgeryBrain surgeryBefore and after hematoma repair8736 48736 5Brain surgery may be needed in treatment of subdural hematoma to remove blood and to decrease intracranial pressure. The outcome of the surgery depends on the source, severity, and location of the problem.Craniotomy - series2007-03-27 13:08:39.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:30:01.0Blood clotsBleeding into the skinSubdural hematomaAneurysmBrain aneurysm repairBrain abscessTrigeminal neuralgiaEpilepsyLeg lengthening and shorteningLeg lengthening/shortening2006-11-04 00:30:32.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:29.0Leg lengthening and shorteningLeg lengthening and shorteningLeg lengthening/shorteningLeg lengthening and shorteningLeg lengthening - series2007-03-27 13:09:10.0ADAM2010-07-19 12:52:16.0Long bonesPoliomyelitisCerebral palsyLegg-Calve-Perthes diseaseBroken boneShort staturePediclePedicle2006-11-04 00:22:15.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:31:48.0PediclePedicleCutaneous skin tagsCerebral palsy - resourcesCerebral palsy - resources2006-11-04 00:21:09.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:45:16.0Cerebral palsy - resourcesCerebral palsy - resourcesCentral nervous system8679 48679 5The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes all peripheral nerves.Cerebral palsyResourcesResources2006-11-04 00:21:01.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:08:00.0ResourcesResourcesSupport group counselors9227 49227 5Counselors sometimes work with a group of people (support group) to help idenitfy problem issues and direct members towards understanding and personal wellness.AIDS - resourcesAlcoholism - resourcesALS - resourcesAlzheimer’s - resourcesArthritis - resourcesAsthma and allergy - resourcesAutism - resourcesBlindness - resourcesBenign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) - resourcesBreastfeeding - resourcesBurns - resourcesCancer - resourcesCerebral palsy - resourcesCeliac disease - resourcesChronic fatigue syndrome - resourcesCleft palate - resourcesColon cancer - resourcesCystic fibrosis - resourcesDepression - resourcesDiabetes - resourcesChemical dependence - resourcesElder care - resourcesEpilepsy - resourcesGastrointestinal disorders - resourcesHeart disease - resourcesHemophilia - resourcesHerpes - resourcesIncontinence - resourcesInfertility - resourcesInterstitial cystitis - resourcesKidney disease - resourcesLeukemia - resourcesLiver disease - resourcesLoss of a child - resourcesLoss of a spouse - resourcesLung disease - resourcesMigraine - resourcesMultiple sclerosis - resourcesMuscular dystrophy - resourcesMyasthenia gravis - resourcesOstomy - resourcesEating disorders - resourcesChronic pain - resourcesParkinson’s disease - resourcesProstate cancer - resourcesPsoriasis - resourcesReye syndrome - resourcesScleroderma - resourcesScoliosis - resourcesSelective mutism - resourcesSickle cell anemia - resourcesSIDS - resourcesLupus - resourcesHearing or speech impairment - resourcesSpina bifida - resourcesSpinal injury - resourcesTay-Sachs - resourcesFamily troubles - resourcesVictim assistance - resourcesMethylmercury poisoningMethylmercury poisoning2006-11-04 00:18:20.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:21:04.0Methylmercury poisoningMethylmercury poisoningMethylmercury poisoningMethylmercury poisoningCentral nervous system8679 48679 5The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes all peripheral nerves.MercuryCentral nervous systemCerebral palsyRamsay Hunt syndromeRamsay Hunt syndrome2006-11-04 00:18:15.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:59:49.0Ramsay Hunt syndromeRamsay Hunt syndromeRamsay Hunt syndromeRamsay Hunt syndromeShinglesBell's palsyGenital herpesChickenpoxSupranuclear ophthalmoplegiaSupranuclear ophthalmoplegia2006-11-04 00:17:55.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:31:10.0Supranuclear ophthalmoplegiaProgressive supranuclear palsyStrokeExpressive language disorder - developmentalExpressive language disorder - developmental2006-11-04 00:16:30.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:32:26.0Expressive language disorder - developmentalExpressive language disorder - developmentalExpressive language disorder - developmentalExpressive language disorder - developmentalMalnutritionRett syndromeRett syndrome2006-11-04 00:16:24.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:32:15.0Rett syndromeRett syndromeRett syndromeRett syndromeMiscarriageStillbirthCerebral hypoxiaCerebral hypoxia2006-11-03 23:32:06.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:22:07.0Cerebral hypoxiaCerebral hypoxiaCerebral hypoxiaCerebral hypoxiaCentral nervous system8679 48679 5The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes all peripheral nerves.Cerebral palsyStrokeSpeech disordersSpeech disorders2006-11-03 23:32:00.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:21:50.0Speech disordersSpeech disordersSpeech disordersSpeech disordersSpeech impairment (adult)Normal growth and developmentStutteringMental retardationAutismCerebral palsyGilles de la Tourette syndromeHearing lossSchizophreniaFacial nerve palsy due to birth traumaFacial nerve palsy due to birth trauma2006-11-03 23:31:55.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:21:35.0Facial nerve palsy due to birth traumaFacial nerve palsy due to birth traumaFacial nerve palsy due to birth traumaFacial nerve palsy due to birth traumaFacial paralysisMuscle function lossDiabetesAnesthesiaEncephalitisEncephalitis2006-11-03 23:31:44.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:20:22.0EncephalitisEncephalitisEncephalitisEncephalitisIntracerebral hemorrhageMeningitisTick biteAcute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infectionMononucleosisHerpes simplexMeaslesMumpsRabiesRubellaChickenpoxShinglesWest Nile virusCysticercosisToxoplasmosisLyme diseaseSyphilisImmunizations - general overviewAneurysm in the brainAneurysm in the brain2006-11-03 23:31:43.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:20:02.0Aneurysm in the brainAneurysm in the brainAneurysm in the brainAneurysm in the brainCerebral aneurysm19430 419430 5Weakness, numbness, or other loss of nerve function may indicate that an aneurysm may be causing pressure on adjacent brain tissue. Symptoms such as a severe headache, nausea, vomiting, vision changes or other neurological changes can indicate the aneurysm has ruptured and is bleeding into the brain. A ruptured intracranial aneurysm causes intracranial bleeding and is considered very dangerous.Cerebral aneurysm17031 417031 5An aneurysm is a sac-like protrusion of an artery caused by a weakened area within the vessel wall. If a cerebral (brain) aneurysm ruptures, the escaping blood within the brain may cause severe neurologic complications or death. A person who has a ruptured cerebral aneurysm may complain of the sudden onset of "the worst headache of my life."Cerebral aneurysm200047 4AneurysmPolycystic kidney diseaseCoarctation of the aortaStroke secondary to FMDStroke secondary to FMD2006-11-03 23:31:25.0ADAM2007-10-20 15:02:20.0Stroke secondary to FMDStroke secondary to FMDStroke secondary to FMDStroke secondary to FMDStroke17133 417133 5A stroke involves loss of brain functions caused by a loss of blood circulation to areas of the brain. The blockage usually occurs when a clot or piece of atherosclerotic plaque breaks away from another area of the body and lodges within the vasculature of the brain.RenalHigh blood pressureLeg painHeart attackAcute kidney failureBrachial palsy in newbornsBrachial palsy in newborns2006-11-03 23:31:19.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:17:48.0Brachial palsy in newbornsBrachial palsy in newbornsBrachial palsy in newbornsBrachial palsy in newbornsBrachial plexusMuscle function lossScoliosisScoliosis2006-11-03 23:28:35.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:07:01.0ScoliosisScoliosisScoliosisScoliosisScoliosis1114 41114 5Abnormal curvature in the spine is known as scoliosis, and generally begins just at the onset of puberty and progresses during the period of rapid growth. Most junior high schools routinely screen for scoliosis because, if caught early, progressive spine curvature can be prevented. Scoliosis affects girls much more frequently than boys.Forward bend test19465 419465 5The forward bend test is a test used most often in schools and doctor's offices to screen for scoliosis. During the test, the child bends forward with the feet together and knees straight while dangling the arms. Any imbalances in the rib cage or other deformities along the back could be a sign of scoliosis.Scoliosis brace19467 419467 5One type of treatment for scoliosis is the use of a brace. The brace works by exerting pressure on the back and ribs to push the spine in a straighter position. The brace usually fits snugly around the torso and can come in many styles. In a child who is still growing, bracing is usually recommended to help slow the progression of the curve. The brace is usually worn full-time until the growth of the bones has stopped.Skeletal spine1116 41116 5The spine is divided into several sections. The cervical vertebrae make up the neck. The thoracic vertebrae comprise the chest section and have ribs attached. The lumbar vertebrae are the remaining vertebrae below the last thoracic bone and the top of the sacrum. The sacral vertebrae are caged within the bones of the pelvis, and the coccyx represents the terminal vertebrae or vestigial tail.Spinal curves19463 419463 5There are four natural curves in the spinal column. The cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral curvature. The curves, along with the intervertebral disks, help to absorb and distribute stresses that occur from everyday activities such as walking or from more intense activities such as running and jumping.Signs of scoliosis19466 419466 5Scoliosis may be suspected when one shoulder appears to be higher than the other, there is a curvature in the spine, or the pelvis appears to be tilted. The treatment of scoliosis can involve the use of a brace or surgery. Treatment is determined by the cause of the scoliosis, the size and location of the curve, and the stage of bone growth of the patient.Spinal fusion19468 419468 5Depending upon the severity and responsiveness to other treatment surgery may be recommended for the scoliosis. Surgical correction involves correcting the curve (although not all the way) and fusing the bones in the curve together. Bone grafts are laid across the exposed surface of each vertebra. These grafts will regenerate, grow into the bone, and fuse the vertebrae together. The bones are held in place with one or two metal rods held down with hooks and screws, which also helps to support the fusion of the vertebrae.Scoliosis1728 41728 5Lateral curvature of the spine, scoliosis, is a relatively common condition. The majority of individuals with scoliosis do not require surgery or braces because their condition is self-limiting. Progressive scoliosis, however, requires therapy. The "S" shaped curve is usually more apparent on an X-ray.FatigueMuscle function lossCerebral palsyMuscular dystrophyPoliomyelitisAdrenoleukodystrophyAdrenoleukodystrophy2006-11-03 23:27:37.0ADAM2009-11-05 11:02:13.0AdrenoleukodystrophyAdrenoleukodystrophyAdrenoleukodystrophyAdrenoleukodystrophyNeonatal adrenoleukodystrophy17277 417277 5NALD is an inheritable disorder that affects the adrenal glands, the white matter of the brain and the testes. Some of the symptoms for this disorder include seizures, hyperactivity, crossed eyes, paralysis, hearing loss, and muscular weakness.Adrenal glandsTestesHyperactivityStrabismusSeizuresWhite matter of the brainContracture deformitySwallowing difficultyConsciousness - decreasedAddison’s diseaseMetabolismGeneticsBasal ganglia dysfunctionBasal ganglia dysfunction2006-11-03 23:25:37.0ADAM2009-11-05 10:54:50.0Basal ganglia dysfunctionBasal ganglia dysfunctionBasal ganglia dysfunctionAthetosis resulting from basal ganglia injury200036 4Multiple sclerosisMovement - uncontrolled or slowHuntington's diseaseMultiple system atrophyParkinson’s diseaseProgressive supranuclear palsyWilson's diseaseEctropionEctropion2006-11-03 23:24:38.0ADAM2009-11-05 10:50:27.0EctropionEctropionEctropionEctropionEye1094 41094 5The eye is the organ of sight, a nearly spherical hollow globe filled with fluids (humors). The outer layer or tunic (sclera, or white, and cornea) is fibrous and protective. The middle tunic layer (choroid, ciliary body and the iris) is vascular. The innermost layer (the retina) is nervous or sensory. The fluids in the eye are divided by the lens into the vitreous humor (behind the lens) and the aqueous humor (in front of the lens). The lens itself is flexible and suspended by ligaments which allow it to change shape to focus light on the retina, which is composed of sensory neurons.ConjunctivitisDown syndromeBell's palsyStrabismusStrabismus2006-11-03 23:24:35.0ADAM2009-11-05 10:50:04.0StrabismusStrabismusStrabismusStrabismusWalleyes1125 41125 5People are very sensitive to other individuals' eye positions. By looking at another person's eye position, one can very effectively gauge where they are looking. People are also sensitive to eyes that are not looking in the same direction, which is referred to as crossed eyes (strabismus). Other more specific medical terms refer to eyes turned either outward or inward, or that are abnormally rotated. Any appearance of crossed eyes in young children should be immediately evaluated, as should recent onset of crossed eyes in an adult.Crossed eyes1087 41087 5People are very sensitive to other individuals' eye positions. By looking at another person's eye position, one can very effectively gauge where they are looking. People are also sensitive to eyes that are not looking in the same direction, which is referred to as crossed eyes (strabismus). Other more specific medical terms refer to eyes turned either outward or inward, or that are abnormally rotated. Any appearance of crossed eyes in young children should be immediately evaluated, as should recent onset of crossed eyes in an adult.DiabetesAmblyopiaApert syndromeCerebral palsyRubellaHemangiomaIncontinentia pigmentiNoonan syndromeRetinopathy of prematurityRetinoblastomaBotulismGuillain-Barre syndromePoisoning - fish and shellfishStrokeFarsightednessFailure to thriveFailure to thrive2006-11-03 23:24:21.0ADAM2009-11-05 10:49:15.0Failure to thriveFailure to thriveFailure to thriveFailure to thriveEndocrine glandsGrowth hormone deficiencyCentral nervous systemAnemiaMalabsorptionViral gastroenteritisToxinsShort statureNormal growth and developmentChromosomeDown syndromeTurner syndromeCerebral palsyNews (more_index_1_1_1)