HealthCentralcm.own.healthcentralgeneralhealth77nonenone2001Healthcentral.com is one of the most trusted sources of medical information and up to date news and contains a doctor-approved health encyclopedia of diseases and conditions, the ability to find symptoms and treatments. Also drug information with side effects and interactions./home/sites/healthcentralwww.healthcentral.com/HealthCentral : Blood PressureBlood Pressure - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationBlood Pressure - Diseases and Conditions, Treatments, General Health InformationhighbloodpressureHealthCentralDiseasesBlood Pressurehttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/9069.htmlhttp://www.healthcentral.com/channel/408/9069_pf.htmlChannel Page179463Blood Pressure9069.htmlBlood PressureADAM Encyclopedia (more_index_1_8_7)In vitro fertilization (IVF)2007-03-27 13:52:39.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:33:02.0In vitro fertilization (IVF)In vitro fertilization (IVF)In vitro fertilization (IVF)In vitro fertilization (IVF)Sperm19471 419471 5The male reproductive system creates sperm that is manufactured in the seminiferous tubules within each testicle. The head of the sperm contains the DNA, which when combined with the egg's DNA, will create a new individual. The tip of the sperm head is the portion called the acrosome, which enables the sperm to penetrate the egg. The midpiece contains the mitochondria which supplies the energy the tail needs to move. The tail moves with whip-like movements back and forth to propel the sperm towards the egg. The sperm have to reach the uterus and the fallopian tube in order to fertilize a woman's egg.Uterus19263 419263 5The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum. The ovaries produce the eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes. Once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of the uterus. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth.Intracytoplasmic sperm injection200061 4InfertilityInfertility - resourcesTransvaginal ultrasoundVaginaPelvic laparoscopyCervixPelvic inflammatory disease (PID)EndometriosisMiscarriageHCG blood test - quantitativeHypotension2007-03-27 13:52:38.0ADAM2010-02-06 10:54:26.0HypotensionHypotensionHypotensionHypotensionBlood pressureParkinson’s diseaseDiabetesAnaphylaxisArrhythmiasDehydrationFaintingHeart attackHeart failureShockRoot canal2007-03-27 13:52:37.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:55:52.0Root canalRoot canalRoot canalRoot canalEndovascular embolization2007-03-27 13:52:37.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Endovascular embolizationEndovascular embolizationEndovascular embolizationEndovascular embolizationAneurysm in the brainArteriovenous malformation - cerebralStereotactic radiosurgery2007-03-27 13:52:36.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:41:56.0Stereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgeryStereotactic radiosurgeryRadiation therapyAcoustic neuromaArteriovenous malformation - cerebralPituitary tumorEpilepsyTrigeminal neuralgiaMRICT scanMineral metabolism disorders2007-03-27 13:52:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:11:48.0Mineral metabolism disordersMineral metabolism disordersMineral metabolism disordersMineral metabolism disordersPeriodic paralysis with hypokalemiaIron deficiency anemiaMetabolismCalcium in dietMagnesium in dietPhosphorus in dietPotassium in dietSelenium in dietSodium in dietHypophosphatemiaRhabdomyolysisHyperparathyroidismHypoparathyroidismBartter syndromeHypokalemic periodic paralysisHyperaldosteronism - primary and secondaryCushing’s diseaseProximal renal tubular acidosisDistal renal tubular acidosisFanconi syndromeAddison’s diseaseKidney diseaseHemochromatosisCirrhosisCopper in dietWilson's diseaseMenkes syndromeNephrocalcinosisPseudohypoparathyroidismHypercalcemiaOsteoporosisMovement - unpredictable or jerkyKidney stonesMilk-alkali syndromePaget’s diseaseMultiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IOsteomalaciaRicketsHyponatremiaHypomagnesemiaVentricular assist device2007-03-27 13:52:32.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:11:21.0Ventricular assist deviceVentricular assist deviceVentricular assist deviceVentricular assist deviceChronic kidney diseaseLiver diseaseHeart failureMagnetic resonance angiography2007-03-27 13:52:32.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Magnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyRenal artery stenosisMRIAortic angiographyCoarctation of the aortaAortic dissectionStrokeAtherosclerosisIntravascular ultrasound2007-03-27 13:52:31.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Intravascular ultrasoundIntravascular ultrasoundIntravascular ultrasoundIntravascular ultrasoundCardiac catheterization1080 41080 5Cardiac catheterization is used to study the various functions of the heart. Using different techniques, the coronary arteries can be viewed by injecting dye or opened using balloon angioplasty. The oxygen concentration can be measured across the valves and walls (septa) of the heart and pressures within each chamber of the heart and across the valves can be measured. The technique can even be performed in small, newborn infants.Anterior heart arteries9367 49367 5The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. The right coronary artery supplies both the left and the right heart; the left coronary artery supplies the left heart.Coronary artery blockage9377 4See what it looks like when your artery is blocked. 9377 5Atherosclerosis is a common disorder of the arteries. Fat, cholesterol, and other substances collect in the walls of arteries. Larger accumulations are called atheromas or plaque and can damage artery walls and block blood flow. Severely restricted blood flow in the heart muscle leads to symptoms such as chest pain.UltrasoundCardiac catheterizationStentLipoprotein-a2006-11-04 00:54:52.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:28:43.0Lipoprotein-aLipoprotein-aLipoprotein-aLipoprotein-aProtein in dietAtherosclerosisOsteonecrosis2006-11-04 00:54:49.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0OsteonecrosisOsteonecrosisOsteonecrosisOsteonecrosisAseptic necrosis21730 421730 5Aseptic necrosis is bone death caused from a disruption in the blood supply. It is most common in the hip, knee, and shoulder.Chronic gouty arthritisBroken boneDislocationSickle cell anemiaRadiation therapyGaucher diseaseAtherosclerosisDiabetesLegg-Calve-Perthes diseaseNewborn screening tests2006-11-04 00:54:45.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Newborn screening testsNewborn screening testsNewborn screening testsNewborn screening testsCystic fibrosisSickle cell anemiaMaple syrup urine diseaseAPGARNeonatal hypothyroidismGalactosemiaPhenylketonuriaCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaNeonatal cystic fibrosis screeningGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyMethylmalonic acidemiaHearing loss - infantsUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty2006-11-04 00:54:44.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:45:52.0Unicompartmental knee arthroplastyUnicompartmental knee arthroplastyKnee replacement - partialUnicompartmental knee arthroplastyKnee joint19309 419309 5Cartilage covers the end of bones in joints to provide shock absorption during movement. The synovium is the membrane that surrounds the joint and is filled with synovial fluid, which provides nutrients and oxygen to the cartilage.Partial knee replacement - series2007-03-27 13:10:02.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:45:51.0The structure of a joint19399 419399 5Joints, particularly hinge joints like the elbow and the knee, are complex structures made up of bone, muscles, synovium, cartilage, and ligaments that are designed to bear weight and move the body through space. The knee consists of the femur (thigh bone) above, and the tibia (shin bone) and fibula below. The kneecap (patella) glides through a shallow groove on the front part of the lower thigh bone. Ligaments and tendons connect the three bones of the knee, which are contained in the joint capsule (synovium) and are cushioned by cartilage.ArthritisNecrosisOverweightKnee joint replacementGeneral anesthesiaSpinal and epidural anesthesiaProsthesisOsteoarthritisOsteonecrosisOsteomalaciaKnee microfracture surgery2006-11-04 00:54:42.0ADAM2010-02-05 11:32:26.0Knee microfracture surgeryKnee microfracture surgeryKnee microfracture surgeryKnee microfracture surgeryThe structure of a joint19399 419399 5Joints, particularly hinge joints like the elbow and the knee, are complex structures made up of bone, muscles, synovium, cartilage, and ligaments that are designed to bear weight and move the body through space. The knee consists of the femur (thigh bone) above, and the tibia (shin bone) and fibula below. The kneecap (patella) glides through a shallow groove on the front part of the lower thigh bone. Ligaments and tendons connect the three bones of the knee, which are contained in the joint capsule (synovium) and are cushioned by cartilage.Knee painAnesthesiaKnee arthroscopyDiskectomy2006-11-04 00:54:38.0ADAM2010-02-05 11:32:26.0DiskectomyDiskectomyMicrodiskectomyDiskectomySpinal stenosis9941 49941 5Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the lumbar or cervical spinal canal. The narrowing can cause compression on nerve roots resulting in pain or weakness of the legs. Medications or steroid injections are often administered to reduce inflammation. If the pain is persistent and does not respond to these conservative measures, surgery is considered to relieve the pressure on the nerves.Herniated nucleus pulposis9700 49700 5Herniated nucleus pulposus is a condition in which part or all of the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk, resulting in back pain and nerve root irritation.Spine supporting structures19528 419528 5The spine is surrounded by many muscles and ligaments which give it great strength and flexibility. If these muscles or ligaments become damaged, back pain results.Cauda equina19504 419504 5The spinal cord ends in the lumbar area and continues through the vertebral canal as spinal nerves. Because of its resemblance to a horse's tail, the collection of these nerves at the end of the spinal cord is called the cauda equina. These nerves send and receive messages to and from the lower limbs and pelvic organs.Microdiskectomy - series2007-03-27 13:10:01.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:31.0Skeletal spine1116 41116 5The spine is divided into several sections. The cervical vertebrae make up the neck. The thoracic vertebrae comprise the chest section and have ribs attached. The lumbar vertebrae are the remaining vertebrae below the last thoracic bone and the top of the sacrum. The sacral vertebrae are caged within the bones of the pelvis, and the coccyx represents the terminal vertebrae or vestigial tail.Herniated diskSpinal surgery - lumbarTractionSciaticaHerniaLaminectomyForaminotomySpinal fusionAnesthesiaDiabetesHeart diseaseUmbilical catheters2006-11-04 00:54:35.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:06:12.0Umbilical cathetersUmbilical cathetersUmbilical catheter21732 421732 5An umbilical catheter is a long, soft plastic tube (usually made of silicone) that is placed in the umbilical cord either through the umbilical artery or umbilical vein to allow IV fluids and medications to be given over an extended period of time.Blood pressureMechanical ventilator - infantsBlood clotsNICU house staffUrinary catheter - infants2006-11-04 00:54:35.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:26:34.0Urinary catheter - infantsUrinary catheter - infantsPyelonephritisNICU consultants and support staff2006-11-04 00:54:35.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0NICU consultants and support staffNICU consultants and support staffAudiologyElectrocardiogramEchocardiogramCardiac catheterizationBiopsyIntravenousHepatitisCholestasisUltrasoundCancerCBCMeningitisCerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collectionDiabetesSeizuresEEGCT scanMRISkull fractureBroken boneNecrotizing enterocolitisBarium enemaUnilateral hydronephrosisHypospadiasX-rayDevelopmental milestonesPremature infantHydrocephalusRetinopathy of prematurityNeonatal respiratory distress syndromeBronchopulmonary dysplasiaCentral venous line - infants2006-11-04 00:54:34.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:35:34.0Central venous line - infantsCentral venous line - infantsCentral venous catheter21731 421731 5A central venous catheter is a long, soft plastic tube (usually made of silicone) that is placed via a small cut in the neck, chest, or groin into a large vein in the chest to allow IV fluids and medications to be given over an extended period of time.X-rayBlood clotsPercutaneously inserted central catheter - infantsPercutaneously inserted central catheter - infants2006-11-04 00:54:33.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:48:11.0Percutaneously inserted central catheter - infantsPercutaneously inserted central catheter - infantsX-rayPeripheral arterial line - infants2006-11-04 00:54:33.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:19:36.0Peripheral arterial line - infantsPeripheral arterial line - infantsBlood pressureMechanical ventilator - infantsIntravenousNICU house staffOxygen therapy - infants2006-11-04 00:54:32.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0Oxygen therapy - infantsOxygen therapy - infantsNasal CPAPMechanical ventilator - infantsTotal parenteral nutrition - infants2006-11-04 00:54:31.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:53:18.0Total parenteral nutrition - infantsTotal parenteral nutrition - infantsIntravenous fluid sites21775 421775 5Intravenous (IV) lines are often placed into a vein in the hand, foot, or scalp of babies who are too sick to get all of their feedings and fluids by mouth. The belly button also has a large vessel that may be used for intravenous fluids. Sometimes a large IV called a central line or PICC line is placed by sterile technique or by surgery to provide long-term, highly concentrated intravenous fluid.IntravenousMechanical ventilator - infants2006-11-04 00:54:31.0ADAM2010-05-10 10:44:37.0Mechanical ventilator - infantsMechanical ventilator - infantsBlood gasesX-rayCollapsed lungPremature infantBronchopulmonary dysplasiaHeart-respiratory monitor - infants2006-11-04 00:54:29.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:41:00.0Heart-respiratory monitor - infantsHeart-respiratory monitor - infantsHeart - respiratory monitor21773 421773 5A heart-respiratory monitor is a machine that can monitor the heart beat, breathing, and often blood pressure and oxygen levels in the baby.PulseBlood pressurePremature infantHome apnea monitor - infantsExtra-corporeal membrane oxygenation2006-11-04 00:54:28.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:46:38.0Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenationExtra-corporeal membrane oxygenationECMO21725 421725 5ECMO stands for Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ECMO is used in infants who are extremely ill due to breathing or heart problems. The ECMO machine circulates blood through an artificial lung back into the bloodstream. This provides adequate oxygen to the baby while allowing time for the lungs and heart to "rest" or heal.Meconium aspiration syndromePneumoniaHypertensionPeriventricular leukomalacia2006-11-04 00:54:25.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:47:38.0Periventricular leukomalaciaPeriventricular leukomalaciaPeriventricular leukomalaciaPeriventricular leukomalaciaPremature infantNeutropenia - infants2006-11-04 00:54:23.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:39:52.0Neutropenia - infantsNeutropenia - infantsNeutropenia - infantsHypocalcemia - infants2006-11-04 00:54:22.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:53:46.0Hypocalcemia - infantsHypocalcemia - infantsHypocalcemia - infantsHypocalcemia - infantsHypocalcemia21729 421729 5Hypocalcemia is a condition where blood levels of calcium are low. Calcium is a salt that is important to many systems in the body, especially heart and muscle function. Prolonged low calcium levels can result in poor bone formation, which may result in brittle bones that are prone to fractures.Premature infantHyperglycemia - infants2006-11-04 00:54:20.0ADAM2010-05-07 17:51:42.0Hyperglycemia - infantsHyperglycemia - infantsHyperglycemia - infantsHyperglycemia - infantsHyperglycemia21724 421724 5Islets of Langerhans contain beta cells and are located within the pancreas. Beta cells produce insulin. Insulin is the main hormone in the body that regulates glucose.DiabetesApnea of prematurity2006-11-04 00:54:19.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:37:21.0Apnea of prematurityApnea of prematurityApnea of prematurityApnea of prematurityApnea monitor21727 421727 5An apnea monitor checks the heart rate and respiration of the baby to make sure he or she is breathing properly. When either one falls below normal levels, the apnea monitor beeps to notify the care provider that something may be wrong. Newborns, especially preemies, are often put on an apnea monitor to observe their breathing patterns.Breathing - slowed or stoppedAnemiaBrain tumor - adults2006-11-04 00:54:15.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:52:06.0Brain tumor - adultsBrain tumor - adultsBrain tumor - adultsBrain tumor - adultsMetastatic brain tumorBrain tumor - childrenTumorInvasiveBenignMalignancyIncreased intracranial pressureGangreneGangrene2006-11-04 00:54:13.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:42:06.0GangreneGangreneGangreneGangreneCA-125CA-1252006-11-04 00:54:12.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:28:20.0CA-125CA-125CA-125CA-125Ovarian cancerPregnancy carePregnancy care2006-11-04 00:54:08.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:16:57.0Pregnancy carePregnancy careBack pain - lowJoint painNausea and vomitingHeartburnHeadacheFrequent or urgent urinationMuscle crampsConstipationDiabetesRubellaProtein - urineAbortion - surgicalFeverVaginal bleeding between periodsBruiseBruise2006-11-04 00:54:07.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:58.0BruiseBruiseBruiseBruiseBruise healing - seriesBruise healing - series2007-03-27 13:09:52.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:25:58.0Bone bruise19649 419649 5A bone bruise results from compressive forces incurred during an injury. The damaged area occurs in the medullary portion of the bone and can be accompanied by bleeding and swelling.Bruises are often caused by falls, sports injuries, car accidents, or blows received by other people or objects. Bruises can last from days to months, with the bone bruise being the most severe and painful.Muscle bruise19675 419675 5A muscle bruise occurs when a direct blow from an object strikes part of the body, damaging the underlying muscle fibers and connective tissue without breaking the skin. A muscle bruise can cause pain and swelling and limited range of motion of the joint near the injury. Depending upon the extent of injury, a muscle bruise can take days or months to heal.Skin bruise19690 419690 5A bruise occurs when a force causes blood vessels to break. Blood leaks into areas under the skin, resulting in pain, swelling, and skin discoloration.Tick removalTick bite2006-11-04 00:54:04.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:42:34.0Tick removalTick removalTick removalTick removalDeer and dog tick19660 419660 5Ticks are small, insect-like creatures that live in woods and fields. They can attach to people or animals as they brush past bushes, plants, and grass. Ticks can be fairly large, as big as a pencil eraser, or so small that they are almost impossible to see. While most ticks do not carry diseases, some ticks can cause Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, and tularemia.Lyme disease19617 419617 5The most common early sign of lyme disease is the appearance of a rash on the skin that looks like a "bull's eye". The rash begins as a reddened area near the area of the tick bite. As the rash gets bigger, it clears in the center and develops a red ring around the outer perimeter. Other symptoms include muscle or joint aches, stiff neck, headache, weakness, fever, swollen lymph nodes and other flu-like symptoms.Tick biteTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)2006-11-04 00:54:03.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:37:52.0Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)X-rayAnesthesiaGeneral anesthesiaBleeding esophageal varicesAscitesHepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari)CBCElectrolytesChest x-rayElectrocardiogramImplantable cardioverter-defibrillatorImplantable cardioverter-defibrillator2006-11-04 00:53:52.0ADAM2009-11-05 07:10:50.0Implantable cardioverter-defibrillatorImplantable cardioverter-defibrillatorNormal heart rhythm18032 418032 5An electrocardiogram (ECG) test measures the electrical activity of the heart. A normal resting heart rate is 60 - 100 beats per minute.Heart, front view1097 41097 5The external structures of the heart include the ventricles, atria, arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood into the heart. The vessels colored blue indicate the transport of blood with relatively low content of oxygen and high content of carbon dioxide. The vessels colored red indicate the transport of blood with relatively high content of oxygen and low content of carbon dioxide.Heart, section through the middle1056 41056 5The interior of the heart is composed of valves, chambers, and associated vessels.Conduction system of the heart18052 418052 5The intrinsic conduction system sets the basic rhythm of the beating heart by generating impulses which stimulate the heart to contract.PacemakerVentricular fibrillationVentricular tachycardiaCardioversionDilated cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathyIntracardiac electrophysiology study (EPS)Thallium stress testThallium and sestamibi stress tests2006-11-04 00:53:51.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:29:41.0Thallium stress testThallium stress testThallium stress testThallium stress testAnterior heart arteries9367 49367 5The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. The right coronary artery supplies both the left and the right heart; the left coronary artery supplies the left heart.Nuclear scan19100 419100 5A radiotracer is injected into a peripheral vein. As the radiotracer decays, gamma radiation is emitted and is detected by a Gamma camera. When the tracer has collected in the target organ the area is scanned. Radionuclide scans can detect abnormalities such as fractures, bone infections, arthritis, rickets, and tumors that have spread, among other diseases.Chest painHeart attackVentricular fibrillationVentricular fibrillation2006-11-04 00:53:49.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:36:04.0Ventricular fibrillationVentricular fibrillationVentricular fibrillationVentricular fibrillationHeart, front view1097 41097 5The external structures of the heart include the ventricles, atria, arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood into the heart. The vessels colored blue indicate the transport of blood with relatively low content of oxygen and high content of carbon dioxide. The vessels colored red indicate the transport of blood with relatively high content of oxygen and low content of carbon dioxide.Heart, section through the middle1056 41056 5The interior of the heart is composed of valves, chambers, and associated vessels.ArrhythmiasCongenital heart diseaseHeart attackCardiomyopathyIschemic cardiomyopathyBody mass indexBody mass index2006-11-04 00:53:42.0ADAM2009-11-05 08:21:33.0Body mass indexCalculating body frame size17182 4Learn here how to determine your body frame size.17182 5Body frame size is determined by a person's wrist circumference in relation to his height. For example, a man whose height is over 5' 5" and wrist is 6" would fall into the small-boned category.Determining frame size: To determine the body frame size, measure the wrist with a tape measure and use the following chart to determine whether the person is small, medium, or large boned.Women:Height under 5'2" Small = wrist size less than 5.5"Medium = wrist size 5.5" to 5.75"Large = wrist size over 5.75"Height 5'2" to 5' 5" Small = wrist size less than 6"Medium = wrist size 6" to 6.25"Large = wrist size over 6.25"Height over 5' 5" Small = wrist size less than 6.25"Medium = wrist size 6.25" to 6.5"Large = wrist size over 6.5"Men:Height over 5' 5" Small = wrist size 5.5" to 6.5"Medium = wrist size 6.5" to 7.5"Large = wrist size over 7.5"High blood pressureObstructive sleep apneaType 2 diabetesNews (more_index_1_1_1)