This new definition of pain takes on the brain and it is worth repeating again. Pain is a signal output from the brain that is based on a perceived threat. But, even more important is the meaning of the pain signal because the assigned meaning is a primary source of suffering. If you think the headache means that you have a tumor, you will be very worried and anxious. If you think the finger pain means that it was amputated, you will be very worried and anxious. If you focus on the tissues, the pain takes on a bigger, more threatening meaning than might be warranted by reality. The head might hurt just because the hat is too tight. The finger might hurt just because of the paper cut. Lion or mouse; a threat is a threat. Sometimes the brain cannot tell the difference between a hungry lion and a hungry mouse. So, not every pain is related to actual tissue damage. Pain is related to perceived threat; therefore, pain is not an accurate measure of the amount of actual harm.

With this new concept about pain, treatment becomes more hopeful under a bio-psycho-social model. This treatment model not only focuses on the tissues, but also focuses on the brain. Identifying the threats as witnessed by the brain can open the door for more treatment options. Finally, everyone can move beyond the antiquated bio-medical model and into a more hopeful future. As patients, scientists, and doctors embrace the brain, the cure for chronic pain might be on the horizon. Embrace the brain, cure the pain!