Fish Oil. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in cold-water oily fish and in supplements (preferably DHA-EPA, the important compounds in fish oil), have anti-inflammatory effects. A new study showed a significant benefit for COPD patients who received omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Inflammatory chemicals in the sputum decreased in this group, and oxygen saturation and breathing during exertion improved.
Alcohol and Red Wine. Some evidence suggests that resveratrol (a chemical found in red wine, grapes, and olive oil) may have various health benefits, including possible protection of the lungs. In people who are not at risk for abuse, moderate intake of wine may be healthful, although no evidence suggests that wine itself improves lung function, and high amounts can impair the immune system. Women who are pregnant or at high risk for breast cancer, people who can't drink moderately, and people with liver disease should avoid alcohol.
Dietary Supplements. Some studies report benefits for COLD patients who took supplements of N-acetyl-cysteine, a powerful antioxidant that is a form of cysteine-a common amino acid in the body. Other antioxidants being studied include L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10. Evidence of benefit is weak, however, for all these chemicals.
No vitamin or mineral supplements have been shown to improve lung function. The trace elements zinc and selenium may have some effect in reducing the severity of upper respiratory tract infections, but they should be obtained in food. One study found protection from diets rich in vitamin C, but other specific antioxidants, including vitamins E, A, and beta carotene, had no effect. Furthermore, evidence suggests that high doses of antioxidant vitamin supplements can be harmful. A surprising study in 2002 reported a higher incidence and greater severity of respiratory infections in older adults who took 200 mg of vitamin E daily. Beta carotene supplements, in any case, are not recommended for smokers, because studies suggest an increased risk of lung cancer in this group.
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