CONTRAINDICATIONS RISPERDAL ® ( risperidone) is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the product. WARNINGS Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ( NMS) A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ( NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability ( irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmia) . Additional signs may include elevated creatinine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria ( rhabdomyolysis) , and acute renal failure. The diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated. In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases in which the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness ( e. g. , pneumonia, systemic infection, etc. ) and untreated or nadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms ( EPS) . Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever, and primary central nervous system pathology. The management of NMS should include: ( 1) immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy; (2) intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring; and ( 3) treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available. There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS. | ||||
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