Sarcoidosis

Injury	Disease	Nutrition	Poison

Symptoms	Surgery	Test	Special Topic

Sarcoid, stage I - chest X-ray

Sarcoid, stage II - chest X-ray

Sarcoid, stage IV - chest X-ray

Sarcoid - close-up of the skin lesions

Erythema nodosum associated with sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis - close-up

Sarcoidosis on the elbow

Sarcoidosis on the nose and forehead

Sarcoidosis

Definition:

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause in which inflammation occurs in the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, or other tissues.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

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The cause of the disease is unknown. Sarcoidosis is marked byabnormal inflammatory masses(granulomas)in certain organs of the body. Granulomas are clusters of immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells). The diseasecan affect almost any organ of the body, although it most commonly affects the lungs.Sarcoidosis can beacute, subacute, or chronic.

Possible causes of sarcoidosis include:

Hypersensitivity to environmental factors
Genetics
Extreme immune response to infection

The incidence varies widely according to race and sex.

It is more common in African Americans than Caucasians. Females are usually affected more frequently than males. Onset of the disease typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 40. Sarcoidosis is very rare in young children.

References:

Murray JF, Nadel JA. Sarcoidosis. In: Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 3rd ed.W. B. Saunders Company, 2000; 1717-1732.