Stable angina

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Heart, front view

Stable angina

Definition:

Angina is chest pain caused by too little blood flow to the heart muscle.Thepain usually begins slowly and gets worse over a period of minutes before going away. Stable angina typically occurs when you exert yourself, and is quickly relieved withmedication or rest. It is also called chronic angina.

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Angina chest pain that lasts longer than a few minutesor occurs with rest is considered unstable angina.

Alternative Names:
Angina - stable; Angina - chronic; Angina pectoris
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

There are approximately400,000 new cases of stable anginadiagnosed each year, according to the American Heart Association.

The most common cause of angina is coronary artery disease (CAD). Angina pectorisis the medical term for this type of chest pain.

Situations that increase blood flow to the heart may cause angina in people with CAD. These include exercise, heavy meals, and stress.

The risk factors for angina pectoris include:

Male gender
Cigarette smoking
High cholesterol levels (in particular, high LDL and low HDL cholesterol)
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Family history of coronary heart disease before age 55
Sedentary lifestyle
Obesity

Less common causes of angina include:

Coronary artery spasm (also called Prinzmetal's angina)
Diseases of the heart valves
Heart failure
Abnormal heart rhythms
Anemia

References:

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves New Treatment for Chest Pain. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; January 31, 2006. Press Release P06-15.

Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo; WB Saunders; 2005: 1281-1308.

Mehta SB. Management of coronary heart disease: stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction.Prim Care. 2005; 32(4): 1057-81.