Polycystic ovaries; Polycystic ovary disease; Stein-Leventhal syndrome; Polyfollicular ovarian disease

Changes in the menstrual cycle:

• Absent periods, usually with a history of having one or more normal menstrual periods during puberty (secondary amenorrhea)
• Irregular menstrual periods, which may be more or less frequent, and may range from very light to very heavy

Development of male sex characteristics (virilization):

• Decreased breast size
• Deepening of the voice
• Enlargement of the clitoris
• Increased body hair on the chest, abdomen, and face, as well as around the nipples (called hirsutism)
• Thinning of the hair on the head, called male-pattern baldness

Other skin changes:

• Acne that gets worse
• Dark or thick skin markings and creases around the armpits, groin, neck, and breasts due to insulin sensitivity

During a pelvic examination, the health care provider may note an enlarged clitoris (very rare finding) and enlarged ovaries.

Diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are common findings, as are weight gain and obesity.

Weight, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal circumference are helpful in determining risk factors.

Levels of different hormones that may be tested include:

• Estrogen levels
• FSH levels
• LH levels
• Male hormone (testosterone) levels
• 17-ketosteroids

Other blood tests that may be done include:

• Fasting glucose and other tests for glucose intolerance and insulin resistance
• Lipid levels
• Pregnancy test (serum HCG)
• Prolactin levels
• Thyroid function tests

Other tests may include:

• Vaginal ultrasound to look at the ovaries
• Pelvic laparoscopy to look more closely at, and possibly biopsy the ovaries

Images

Endocrine glands

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

Follicle development

Uterus

Pelvic laparoscopy

Previous Section

Polycystic ovary syndrome Overview

Next Section

Polycystic ovary syndrome Treatment

Review Date: 03/31/2010
Reviewed By: Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond,Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org)