Primary hyperparathyroidism

Injury	Disease	Nutrition	Poison

Symptoms	Surgery	Test	Special Topic

Endocrine glands

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Definition:

Primary hyperparathyroidism involves excessive production of parathyroid hormone, caused by enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

Alternative Names:
Parathyroid-related hypercalcemia
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The parathyroid glands are located at the front and base of the neck at the 4 corners of the thyroid gland. The glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium and phosphorus balance in the body.

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In primary hyperparathyroidism, increased secretion of parathyroid hormone occurs because one or more of the glands have become enlarged. The effects of increased calcium are seen in several body systems including the skeletal, gastrointestinal, renal (kidney), muscular, and central nervous system.

The disease is most common in people over 60, but can also be seen in younger adults. Women are more likely to be affected than men. Radiation to the head and neck increases risk. Hyperparathyroidism in childhood is distinctly unusual.

Rarely, the disease is caused by parathyroid carcinoma.