Primary HIV infection; HIV seroconversion syndrome; Acute retroviral syndrome; HIV infection - acute

Note: At the time of diagnosis with HIV, many people have not experienced any symptoms.

Acute HIV infection can appear like infectious mononucleosis, flu, or other viral illnesses. If symptoms occur, they are usually seen 1 - 4 weeks after becoming infected.

Any of the following symptoms can occur:

• Decreased appetite
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Headache
• Malaise
• Muscle stiffness or aching
• Rash
• Sore throat
• Swollen lymph glands
• Ulcers of the mouth and esophagus

These symptoms can last from a few days to 4 weeks, and then subside.

HIV ELISA/Western blot test is usually negative or undetermined during the acute infection and will become positive over the next 3 months.

HIV RNA test ("viral load") is positive in patients with acute HIV infection.

Lower-than-normal CD4 (white blood cell) count may be a sign of a suppressed immune system. The CD4 count usually improves 1 - 2 months after acute infection.

White blood cell differential may show abnormalities.

Images

Primary HIV infection

Kaposi's sarcoma - perianal

Kaposi's sarcoma - lesion on the foot

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Acute HIV infection Overview

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Acute HIV infection Treatment

Review Date: 12/01/2009
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org)