Labyrinthitis

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Ear anatomy

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Labyrinthitis

Labyrinthitis is an ear disorder characterized by inflammation (irritation and swelling with presence of extra immune cells) of the canals of the inner ear (semicircular canals, labyrinth), which causes dizziness.

The cause of labyrinthitis is unknown, but because it commonly occurs following otitis media (ear infection) or an upper respiratory infection (URI), it is thought to be a consequence of viral or bacterial infection. It may also follow allergy, cholesteatoma, or the ingestion of certain drugs that are toxic to the inner ear.

The semicircular canals of the inner ear (labyrinth) become inflamed. This disrupts their function, including the regulation of balance. Risk factors include the following:

• recent viral illness, respiratory infection, or ear infection
• use of prescription or nonprescription drugs (especially aspirin)
• stress
• fatigue
• a history of allergy, smoking, or heavy alcohol consumption.

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