Traveler's guide to avoiding infectious diseases

Islamic Republic of Iran

giardiasis

India, Nepal

meningococcal meningitis

The Middle East

insect-borne diseases: cutaneous leishmaniasis, typhus, relapsing fever
water- and food-borne diseases: typhoid fever, hepatitis A, tapeworm (taeniasis), brucellosis, echinococcosis
other: hepatitis B, schistosomiasis

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Northern Europe (general area)

insect-borne diseases: rare occurrences of tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
water- and food-borne diseases: tapeworm, trichinellosis, fish tapeworm (diphyllobothriasis), liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), Hepatitis A
other: rabies

Siberia

typhus

Russian Federation, Ukraine

diphtheria, poliomyelitis

Southern Europe (general area)

insect-borne diseases: murine and tick-borne typhus, West Nile fever, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease
water- and food-borne diseases: dysentery, typhoid fever, brucellosis, echinococcosis, Hepatitis A
other: Hepatitis B, rabies

Croatia, Yugoslavia

poliomyelitis

Australia, New Zealand, Antarctic

insect-borne diseases: mosquito-borne polyarthritis, viral encephalitis
water- and food-borne diseases: amebic meningoencephalitis

Melanesia, Micronesia-Polynesia

insect-borne diseases: malaria, filariasis, typus, Dengue fever
water- and food-borne diseases: dysentery, typhoid fever, intestinal worms (helminthic infections), Hepatitis A
other: Hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, trachoma

MALARIA

Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, affecting millions of people on every continent except Australia. Malaria is not a problem in cold climates, and is a lesser problem in temperate climates, but is a threat to those living or traveling in subtropical and tropical climates.

Resistance of the malaria organism changes rapidly and frequent updating on resistant strains, especially the falciparum, is necessary for safe travel. Travelers should visit the CDC Web site for complete, up-to-date information: www.cdc.gov.

YELLOW FEVER

There is an effective vaccination for yellow fever -- a mosquito-borne, frequently fatal viral infection that causes fever, jaundice, and bleeding. Travelers to areas where yellow fever is present should be vaccinated a minimum of 10 days prior to entering a yellow fever zone. Certificates of immunization may be required for entrance into some countries.

SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, French Guyana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela
AFRICA: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia