Mastectomy

Injury	Disease	Nutrition	Poison

Symptoms	Surgery	Test	Special Topic

Female Breast

Mastectomy

Definition:

A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the entire breast, usually to treat serious breast disease, such as breast cancer.

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There are four general types of mastectomy:

A SUBCUTANEOUS MASTECTOMY removes the entire breast, but leaves the nipple and areola (the pigmented circle around the nipple) in place.
TOTAL (OR SIMPLE) MASTECTOMY is the removal of the whole breast, but not the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary nodes).
In a MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY, the whole breast and most of the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary nodes) are removed. Removal of these lymph nodes is called an axillary dissection.
RADICAL MASTECTOMY involves removal of the chest wall muscles (pectorals) in addition to the breast and axillary lymph nodes. For many years, this operation was considered the standard for women with breast cancer, but it is rarely used today. It is mostly of historical interest.

Alternative Names:
Breast removal surgery
Description:

While the patient is anesthetized (unconscious and pain-free), an incision is made into the breast. The breast tissue is removed from the overlying skin and the underlying muscle. When an axillary dissection is done, it is typically via the same incision.

One or two small plastic drains are usually left in place to prevent fluid from collecting in the space where the breast tissue used to be.

Your surgeon will decide when these drains are removed, typically when the amount of fluid draining decreases to an acceptable volume. This ranges anywhere from a few days to a week or more. Many women go home with their drains and have them removed during an office visit.

It is possible to reconstruct the breast (with artificial implants or native tissue) at the same operation (immediate reconstruction) or at a later date, after other necessary treatments are given (delayed reconstruction).

Reconstruction adds to the complexity of the surgery. Decisions about whether to undergo breast reconstruction, and the best timing are joint decisions between women and their doctors. It involves the consideration of many different individual factors.

Indications:

The most common reason for performing a mastectomy is breast cancer.

Breast cancer is usually discovered when a lump, a change in the appearance of the breast (such as dimpling or puckering), or a suspicious mammogram is investigated. There are two main types of breast cancer surgery:

The first is breast conservation, where only the tumor and a rim of surrounding tissue is removed. Breast conservation surgery, also known as lumpectomy or partial mastectomy, is usually followed by radiation therapy to the breast.
The alternative to breast conservation surgery is removal of the entire breast, or mastectomy, which is the topic of this article.