Heart murmurs and other sounds

The location where the health care provider hears the murmur loudest is also often noted.

significant murmurs can be caused by:

• mitral regurgitation - chronic
• mitral regurgitation - acute
• mitral stenosis
• aortic regurgitation
• aortic stenosis
• tricuspid stenosis
• tricuspid regurgitation
• pulmonary stenosis
• pulmonary regurgitation (backflow of blood into the right ventricle, caused by failure of the the pulmonary valve to close completely)

Significant murmurs in children are more likely to be caused by:

• patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• atrial septal defect (ASD)
• ventricular septal defect (VSD)
• coarctation of the aorta
• anomalous pulmonary venous return (an abnormal formation of the pulmonary veins)

Children often have murmurs that are a normal part of development and do not require treatment. Thesemurmurs include:

• Still's murmur
• venous hum
• pulmonary flow murmurs

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