CSF chemistry

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CSF chemistry

Overview

Risks

Results

CSF chemistry

Definition:

This test is an analysis of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). CSF bathes, cushions, and protects the brain and spinal cord. It flows around the skull and spine in the subarachnoid space (the area immediately surrounding the brain and spinal cord).

CSF chemistry test identifies chemicals such as proteins and glucose levels, which can help diagnose certain disorders and diseases.

Alternative Names:
Chemistry - CSF
How the test is performed:

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A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is the most common means of CSF collection. Generally, this is performed as follows: You are positioned on your side with your knees curled up to your abdomen and your chin tucked in to your chest. Local anesthetic is injected over the lower spine. The spinal needle is inserted, usually between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae, and fluid is withdrawn for testing. You will be asked to remain flat, or nearly flat, for 6 to 8 hours after the test.

Alternative methods of obtaining CSF are rarely used, but they may be recommended if you have a problem such as lumbar deformity or infection, which would make lumbar puncture impossible or unreliable:

Cisternal puncture involves insertion of a needle below the occipital bone (back of the skull). This procedure can be hazardous because the needle is inserted close to the brain stem.
Ventricular puncture is even more rare, but may be indicated when sampling of CSF is necessary in people with possible impending brain herniation. It is usually performed in the operating room. A hole is drilled in the skull and a needle is inserted directly into the lateral ventricle of the brain.

The CSF is then sent to the laboratory for evaluation.

How to prepare for the test:

Be prepared to sign a consent form and to remain in the hospital for at least 6 to 8 hours after the test.

For infants and children:

The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age and experience. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics: