Cytology exam of pleural fluid

A cytology examination of pleural fluid detects the presence of malignant (cancerous) cells. The pleural space surrounds the lungs and normally contains only enough fluid to lubricate the pleura, the lining of the lung.

The test is performed by obtaining a sample of pleural fluid by a procedure called thoracentesis (a needle is inserted into the pleural space to draw off the fluid). The sample of fluid is examined under the microscope for the presence of abnormal cells.

Food or fluid is not restricted. Do not move, cough, or breathe deeply during the test.

Infants and children:

The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust. For general information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics:

• Infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• Toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• Preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• Schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• Adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

The skin is cleansed, and shaved if necessary, around the insertion site. Local anesthetic to numb the site may be injected into the skin. There may be a pressure or sticking sensation as the needle enters the skin and pleural space. Inform the health care provider if shortness of breath develops after the test.

The test is performed to determine the cause of a pleural effusion (fluid accumulation in the pleural space), or when cancer is suspected.

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