Rectal biopsy

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Anal biopsy

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Rectal biopsy

Definition:

A rectal biopsy is a procedure in which a small piece of rectal (anal) tissue is removed for diagnostic examination.

Alternative Names:
Biopsy - rectum
How the test is performed:

A rectal biopsy is usually part of anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

First, a digital rectal examination is performed. The doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to determine if anything will block the insertion of the anoscope.

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A lubricated anoscope (or sometimes a rectal speculum or proctoscope) is then inserted, which will cause some pressure.

A biopsy can be taken through any of these scopes. The scope is a short tube with a light attached; it enlarges the rectum to allow the doctor to view the entire anal canal. Anesthetic is introduced through the anoscope, then biopsy forceps, a cytology brush, culture swab, or suction catheter is introduced through the anoscope to take a sample. Afterward, the scope is slowly removed.

How to prepare for the test:

You will need to defecate before the procedure and a laxative, enema, or other preparation may be administered.

How the test will feel:

There will be some pressure during the procedure, and you may feel an urge to defecate. A small amount of cramping sometimes occurs as the anoscope is inserted, but there should be little pain.

Why the test is performed:

A rectal biopsy is used to determine the cause of abnormal growths found on anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or other tests. It can also be used to confirm the diagnosis of amyloidosis.