Testicular self-examination

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Male reproductive anatomy Testicular anatomy

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Testicular self-examination

Each testicle should feel firm, but not rock hard. One testicle may or may not be lower or slightly larger than the other.

Normal testicles contain blood vessels and other structures that can make the exam confusing. Performing the self-exam monthly allows you to become familiar with your normal anatomy. Then, if you notice any changes from the previous exam, this alerts you to contact your doctor.

Always ask you doctor if you have any doubts or questions.

If you find a small hard lump (like a pea), have an enlarged testicle, or notice any other concerning differences from your last self-exam, see your doctor as soon as you can.

Consult your doctor if:

• You can't find one or both testicles -- the testicles may not have descended properly in the scrotum
• There is a soft collection of thin tubes above the testicle -- it may be a collection of dilated veins (varicocele)
• There is pain or swelling in the scrotum -- it may be an infection or a fluid-filled sac (hydrocele) causing blockage of blood flow to the area

Sudden, severe (acute) pain in the scrotum or testicle is an emergency. If you experience such pain, seek immediate medical attention.

Rew L. Development of the self-efficacy for testicular self-examination scale. J Men's Health Gend.  March 2005; 2(1); 59-63.

Information from your family doctor. Testicular cancer. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 69(3): 613-4.

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