Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Complications

Highlights	Complications	Lifestyle Changes
Introduction	Diagnosis	Resources
Causes	Treatment	References
Risk Factors	Treatment for Cutaneous and Mild SLE
Symptoms	Treatment for Severe SLE

Complications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most serious rheumatic diseases. According to a 2002 government study, the annual number of deaths has risen from 879 to 1,406 since 1979. About third of these deaths occur in people aged 15 to 44 years, mostly women. Such numbers may be underestimates, since SLE can affect so many organs that a cause of death in some people with SLE may not have been directly attributed to the condition. A primary cause of death among patients with lupus is atherosclerosis, a disease of the coronary blood vessels resulting from accelerated buildup of plaque.

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SLE is unpredictable and varies greatly form one individual to the next. Severity also appears to differ among ethnic groups and countries. In Europe and North American patients with SLE for example, overall5-year survival rates are between 93 - 95%, while in Asia or Africa they are considerable lower (60 - 70%). Other research indicates that African American and Hispanic American patients suffer greater organ damage than Caucasian patients. Genetic factors appear to have some influence on specific effects of SLE on organ damage among ethnic groups. However, the poorer outlook among minority groups and in underdeveloped nations is probably due to less access to good health care.

Mild SLE. About 20 - 30% of cases are mild. For many of these patients, the only symptoms may be the skin rashes of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) with or without joint aches. The number and intensity of symptoms in mild cases often decrease over time, as does the likelihood of major organ involvement. These skin conditions, however, are not absolute insurance against more severe disease, and patients with mild SLE should be tested for organ involvement.

Widespread SLE. Most commonly, SLE is a chronic, life-long disease, alternating between periods of symptom-relapse, (called flares), and remission. The disease may begin in any of the various systems of the body and progress unpredictably to others. The following are typical patterns:

Symptom relapses, or flares, occur on the average of two or three times a year.
Between flares, most patients with SLE function at about 90% of normal capacity.

The degree of severity depends on different factors: