Endometriosis - Highlights

Highlights

Disease Overview

Endometriosis occurs when cells from the mucus membrane lining the uterus (endometrium) form implants that attach, grow, and function outside the uterus, generally in the pelvic region. The exact causes of endometriosis are unknown. Theories include retrograde menstruation (backflow of menstrual tissue through the fallopian tubes), the spread of endometrial tissue through lymph vessels, or environmental chemicals. Genetic factors may also be involved.

Pelvic pain is the most common symptom of endometriosis. The pain may be most severe around the time of menstruation. Endometriosis can also contribute to infertility.

New Research

Diet. Two case control studies involving over 500 women found that red meat and ham consumption increased the risk for endometriosis. Green vegetables and fresh fruit appeared to protect against it.

Investigative Drugs

A number of different compounds are being investigated for endometriosis treatment. These drug classes include GnRH antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, selective progesterone receptor modulators, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, and various immune modulators.

Current Treatment

Depending on the severity of the condition, endometriosis may be treated by various hormonal medications. These drugs include:

• Oral contraceptives (combine estrogen and progestin).
• Progestins (oral, injectable, intrauterine device).
• Antiprogestins.
• Gonadtropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists.
• Danazol (a synthetic steroid hormone).
• Milder pain symptoms may be controlled through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Women who do not respond to medical treatment may require surgery. Laparoscopic excision is a minimally invasive procedure that removes abnormal tissue and implants. Hysterectomy is a last resort, but this procedure does not always cure endometriosis.