Endometriosis - Lifestyle Changes

Highlights	Complications	Conservative Surgery
Introduction	Diagnosis	Hysterectomy
Causes	Treatment	Resources
Symptoms	Lifestyle Changes	References
Risk Factors	Medications

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Lifestyle Changes

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be sufficient for about 75% of women with endometrial pain. NSAIDs block prostaglandins (the substances that increase uterine contractions). They are effective painkillers and also have other properties that act against inflammatory factors. Aspirin is the most common NSAID, but there are dozens of others available over the counter or by prescription. Among the most effective NSAIDs for menstrual disorders are ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Midol PMS), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Anaprox), and mefenamic acid (Ponstel). For maximum benefit, they should be taken seven to 10 days before a period is expected. It should be noted, however, that long-term use of any NSAID, can increase the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers. In fact, one 2001 study of women with iron deficiency anemia reported that overuse of NSAIDs for menstrual disorders contributed to the anemia.

Acetaminophen. One study found that acetaminophen (Tylenol) reduces levels of female hormones (gonadotropins and estradiol, an estrogen), which may have some beneficial effect on menstrual disorders. A combination of acetaminophen and pamabrom (Women's Tylenol Menstrual Relief) is specifically aimed at treating menstrual pain and bloating. (Pamabrom is a diuretic, an agent used to reduce fluid build-up and bloating.)

Note on Opioids: Drugs containing codeine should not generally be used for endometriosis pain management. They can cause pelvic congestion and constipation, which could exacerbate symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal distress.

Dietary Factors

Some women report relief by avoiding dairy products and having a diet rich in fiber and low in saturated (animal) fats. Fiber-rich foods (such as fruits and vegetables) along with plenty of fluids (water or juice, not caffeine) are not only healthy but help prevent constipation, which can intensify symptoms. If women choose a diet that limits dairy products, they should be sure to have sufficient calcium from other sources.

A 2005 report of two case control studies involving over 500 women found that red meat and ham consumption increased the risk for endometriosis. Diets high in green vegetables and fresh fruit appeared to protect against it.

Certain fat compounds called omega-3 fatty acids, which are in fish oils, may have specific anti-inflammatory effects. They are found in certain oily fish (sardines, mackerel) and can be obtained in supplements. Supplements may be labeled either omega-3 fatty acids or EPA-DHA (which are the important compounds). Evening primrose oil and black currant oil, found in health food stores, contain similar fatty acids that may be helpful.

Omega-3 fatty acids, found plentifully in oily fish and flaxseed and canola oils, are beneficial to people afflicted with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease).