Birth Control Options for Women - Natural Family Planning Methods

The risk for pregnancy with this method is less than 2% in the early months, although by six months after birth it increases to over 5%. The return of menstruation indicates the return of fertility. Bleeding or spotting during the first 56 days is not considered menstruation. After that, two or more consecutive days of bleeding are usually an indicator that periods have returned. Ovulation can occur before menstruation resumes, although it is less likely within six months of delivery (particularly if the mother is intensively breastfeeding).

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Candidacy for Natural Family Planning

Because of the high risk for pregnancy, natural family planning methods are recommended only for those whose strong religious beliefs prohibit standard contraceptive methods. Couples who are not guided by religious authority, but who simply want a more natural sexual life, should use a barrier contraceptive during the fertile phase and no contraception during the rest of the cycle. To be effective against pregnancy, cycle-based methods require not only training, commitment, discipline, and perseverance, but also the cooperation of the male partner. Cycle-based methods are not recommended for women unless they are in a stable, monogamous relationship, and can count on their partner's willing participation.

Advantages of Natural Family Planning

Many couples, especially older ones, who have used these methods for a while and are strongly motivated, are able to successfully incorporate fertility awareness into their lives. For those with strong religious beliefs, natural family planning allows them to have a fulfilling sexual life yet still adhere to the rules of their church.

Disadvantages and Complications of Natural Family Planning

Couples who adopt a cycle-based approach to pregnancy avoidance must often abstain from sex or substitute other kinds of sexual intimacy for vaginal intercourse. Some couples find this self-denial and the need for vigilant tracking of the cycle difficult and stressful for the relationship. Failure rates are high with natural family planning, although newer methods, such as the Creighton Model, are reporting very effective results. The risk for sexually transmitted diseases is also of particular concern, because such methods offer no protection against infection and religious beliefs usually preclude barrier protection.