Ovarian Cancer - Causes

Sporadic Genetic Factors

Most ovarian cancers are the result of genetic mutations that are not inherited but occur from environmental or other factors that cause damage to genetic material over time. Such genetic changes are referred to as sporadic (as opposed to inherited). Genetic alterations that have been observed in ovarian cancers involve the p53 tumor suppressor gene, the HER2/neu gene, and the PIC3KA gene.

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Ethnic Factors

Some research indicates that ovarian cancer occurs more often in North America and Northern Europe and among middle to upper socioeconomic class women from highly industrialized countries. Ovarian cancer is also much more common in Caucasian women than in African American women. Japan has a low, but rising, number of ovarian cancer cases. One study observed that when Japanese women immigrate to the United States, they and their daughters have an incidence of ovarian cancer that approaches that of Caucasian women, although another study did not support such findings.

Other Factors

Endometriosis. Women with endometriosis may have some higher risk for ovarian cancer. It should be noted that endometriosis is very common and ovarian cancer is not, so the risk is still very low. Some research suggests that ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis may differ from most ovarian cancer cases, and, in fact, have a better outlook.

Click the icon to see an image of endometriosis.

Fat Intake. Fats have been under scrutiny for some time. posing some higher risk for ovarian cancer. A 2001 analysis of eight observational studies reported an association between a high intake in animal fats and a greater risk. However, other studies on this subject have found no correlation between fat intake and ovarian cancer. In any case, both positive and negative studies are only suggestive and should not be considered to be conclusive, although they may lead to better research.

Lactose Intolerance. Women who have an impaired ability to digest lactose, an enzyme found in dairy products, particularly milk, may be at increased risk for ovarian cancer. Galactose, an enzyme involved with this disorder, appears to be toxic to the ovaries and may be responsible for this effect. It should be strongly noted, however, that lactose intolerance is very common and ovarian cancer is uncommon. If such a risk exists in women with this digestive disorder, it still very small.

Talcum Powder and Feminine Deodorants. Some reports suggest that the use of talcum powder used near the genital area may increase the risk for ovarian cancer, although this is controversial.