Menstrual Disorders - Surgery

Highlights	Risk Factors	Medications
Introduction	Complications	Surgery
Menstrual Disorders	Diagnosis	Resources
Causes	Treatment	References

Surgery

Women with heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, or both now have surgical and medical options available to them. Surgical procedures include endometrial ablation, resection, or hysterectomy. Women with fibroids have additional options. Most procedures eliminate the possibility for childbearing, however. Hysterectomy removes the entire uterus while ablation and resection destroy most or all of uterine lining.

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For some women, an intrauterine device (IUD) that releases hormones is proving to be a good alternative to surgery. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, or LNG-IUS (Mirena), is increasingly being used to treat menorrhagia. Many experts recommend it as a first-line treatment for heavy bleeding. Studies have found the LNG-IUS to work just as well as ablation and resection. Women should be sure to ask their physicians about all medical options before undergoing surgical procedures..

Choosing Between Endometrial Resection or Ablation

In either standard endometrial resection or ablation, the entire lining of the uterus (the endometrium) is removed or destroyed. The standard endometrial ablation and resection techniques are equally effective in reducing bleeding. In general, either one reduces bleeding by about half. About 15% of women require a hysterectomy later on. Some recent studies report that microwave endometrial ablation may work better than resection, and considerably reduce the need for future hysterectomy. Women should discuss with their surgeon which procedure may be best for them.

Hormonal Pretreatment. Hormonaldrugs, such asGnRH analogs or danazol, are sometimes used before the procedures to help prepare the uterus by thinning the endometrial lining. However, a 2005 study suggested that drug preparation may not be required before microwave endometrial ablation.

Postoperative Effects of Endometrial Ablation or Resection Procedures. Postoperative effects of either procedure include the following:

Anesthesia may cause nausea and even vomiting for a few hours following the operation.
Cramping and pain occurs but can usually be relieved using over-the-counter painkillers.
Patients may experience frequent urination for the first day after the procedure and blood-tinged, watery vaginal discharge for more than a month.

Complications of Endometrial Ablation or Resection Procedures. Complications from either procedure may include perforation of the uterus, injury to the intestine, hemorrhage, or infection.