HealthCentralcm.own.healthcentralgeneralhealthnonenone2001Healthcentral.com is one of the most trusted sources of medical information and up to date news and contains a doctor-approved health encyclopedia of diseases and conditions, the ability to find symptoms and treatments. Also drug information with side effects and interactions./home/sites/healthcentralwww.healthcentral.com/HealthCentral : Test Reference Index - MHealthcentral.com is one of the most trusted sources of medical information and up to date news and contains a doctor-approved health encyclopedia of diseases and conditions, the ability to find symptoms and treatments. Also drug information with side effects and interactions.health,pregnancy,medical research,medical information,health library,prevention,disease,health care,healthcare,health information,healthcare information,health care information,cancer,diabetes,depression,asthma,medical,library,cholesterol,herpes,bipolar,medical videos,drug information center,back painHealthCentralHealth EncyclopediaTest Reference IndexTest Reference Index - Mhttp://www.healthcentral.com/ency/408/testidxm.htmlhttp://www.healthcentral.com/ency/408/testidxm_pf.htmlIndex PageTest Reference Index - Mtestidxm.htmlTest Reference Index - MfalseM - Test ReferenceMMagnetic resonance angiography2007-03-27 13:52:32.0Magnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyMRIAortic angiographyCoarctation of the aortaAortic dissectionStrokeAtherosclerosisRenal artery stenosisfalseMagnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imagingMRIfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - abdomenMagnetic resonance imaging - abdomenAbdominal MRIfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - cardiacMagnetic resonance imaging - cardiacHeart MRIfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - chestMagnetic resonance imaging - chestChest MRIfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - cranialMagnetic resonance imaging - cranialMRI of the headfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - heartMagnetic resonance imaging - heartHeart MRIfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - lumbosacral spineMagnetic resonance imaging - lumbosacral spineLumbosacral spine MRIfalseMagnetic resonance imaging - spineMagnetic resonance imaging - spineSpine MRIfalseMale fertility testMale fertility testSemen analysisfalseMale PAP testMale PAP testProstatic acid phosphatase (PAP)falseMammogramMammogramMammographyMammographyWhat is mammography?2006-11-04 00:38:21.0MammographyMammographyMammographyMammographyMammary gland17084 4An illustration of the mammary glandMammary glandThe anatomy of the breast includes the lactiferous, or milk ducts, and the mammary lobules.Breast lumps17029 417029 5Less than one-fourth of all breast lumps are found to be cancerous, but benign breast disease can be difficult to distinguish from cancer. Consequently, all breast lumps should be checked by a health care professional.Abnormal discharge from the nipple17093 4Abnormal discharge from the nippleAbnormal nipple discharge may be described as any discharge not associated with lactation. The nature of the discharge may range in color, consistency, and composition, and occur in one or both breasts.Fibrocystic breast disease17185 4An illustration of a fibrocystic breastFibrocystic breast diseaseFibrocystic breast disease is a common and benign change within the breast characterized by a dense irregular and bumpy consistency in the breast tissue. Mammography or biopsy may be needed to rule out other disorders.Mammogram17085 4A mammogram is a low-powered x-ray breast exam that captures a picture of the internal structure of the breast. Additional angles and magnified views are taken of suspicious areas.MammogramMammography is a low-powered x-ray technique that captures a picture of the internal structure of the breast. Additional angles and magnified views are taken of suspicious areas. A mammogram may help in the diagnosis of breast problems, including cancer. It is recommended a woman have a baseline mammogram at age 40, followed by a mammogram every couple of years until age 50. After 50, a woman should have a mammogram every year.Female breast1075 4An illustration of the female breast1075 5The female breast is either of two mammary glands (organs of milk secretion) on the chest.Causes of breast lumps17080 417080 5Most breast lumps are benign, as in fibroadenoma, a condition that affects mostly women under age 30. Fibrocystic breast disease is present in over 60% of all women. The cysts in FBD change in size with the menstrual cycle, whereas a lump from fibroadenoma does not. While most breast lumps are benign it is important to identify those that are not. If a lump is new, persistent, growing, hard, immobile, or causing skin deformities, you should see a health care professional.X-rayBenignBreastfeedingBreast cancerNipple discharge - abnormalBreast painBreast lump self examfalseMCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)RBC indicesfalseMCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)RBC indicesfalseMCV (mean corpuscular volume)MCV (mean corpuscular volume)RBC indicesMediastinoscopy with biopsyMediastinoscopy with biopsy2006-11-04 00:50:14.0Mediastinoscopy with biopsyMediastinoscopy with biopsyMediastinoscopy with biopsyMediastinoscopy with biopsyMediastinum19565 419565 5Mediastinoscopy is a procedure in which a lighted instrument (mediastinoscope) is inserted through a neck incision to visually examine the structures in the top of the chest cavity and take tissue samples. This procedure can be used to biopsy lymph nodes surrounding the airway to help diagnose or see how far a particular disease has spread.BiopsySore throatX-rayfalseMelanin - urineMelanin - urineUrine melaninfalseMemoryMemoryMental Status TestsMental Status TestsRead this overview of cognitive tests used to measure mental deterioration.Mental Status Tests and Cognitive Tests2006-11-03 21:13:38.0Mental Status TestsMental status testsMental status testsMental status testsfalseFree Online Dementia Test - And the Importance of Early DetectionfalseDistinguishing Between Alzheimer's Disease and DementiafalseFree Online Tests and Games to Strengthen Your BrainfalseBrain-Training Keeps Age-Linked Mental Decline at BayMesenteric arteriographyMesenteric arteriography2006-11-04 00:49:09.0Mesenteric arteriographyMesenteric arteriographyMesenteric arteriographyMesenteric arteriographyMesenteric arteriography9623 49623 5Mesenteric arteriography is an examination of the abdominal vessels by using an injection of a contrast medium to help visualize the structures. The test is performed after an endoscopy proves to be inconclusive and cannot locate the source of bleeding in the intestinal system, or other studies prove inadequate in evaluating abnormal growths. It may also be used to evaluate vessel damage after an abdominal trauma.X-rayPulseBlood pressureAllergic reactionsBleeding into the skinEndoscopyfalseMetabolic panel 20Metabolic panel 20CHEM-20falseMetabolic panel 7Metabolic panel 7CHEM-7falseMetanephrineMetanephrineCatecholamines - urinefalseMethanol - screenMethanol - screenToxicology screenMethanol testMethanol test2006-11-04 00:42:41.0Methanol testMethanol testMethanol testMethanol testBlood test10026 4Blood testBlood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.OsmolalityElectrolytesfalseMethemoglobinMethemoglobinHemoglobin derivativesfalseMethotrexate - serumMethotrexate - serumTherapeutic drug levelsMethylene blue testMethylene blue test2006-11-04 00:39:01.0Methylene blue testMethylene blue testMethylene blue testMethylene blue testMethemoglobinemiaBlood pressureHemoglobin derivativesHemoglobinCytochrome b5 reductaseMethylmalonic acidMethylmalonic acid2006-11-04 00:42:45.0Methylmalonic acidMethylmalonic acidMethylmalonic acidMethylmalonic acidBlood test10026 4Blood testBlood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.Metyrapone testMetyrapone test2006-11-04 00:45:52.0Metyrapone testMetyrapone testMetyrapone testMetyrapone testCortisol level17-hydroxycorticosteroidsACTHfalseMg+2Mg+2Serum magnesium - testMIBG (iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintiscanMIBG (iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintiscan2006-11-04 00:49:25.0MIBG (iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintiscanMIBG (iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintiscanMIBG (iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintiscanMIBG (iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintiscanMIBG injection9646 49646 5During a MIBG scintiscan, the radioisotope MIBG is injected into a vein and then the abdomen is scanned. The scanner detects radiation from the radioisotope, MIBG, in order to locate or confirm pheochromocytoma, an adrenal gland tumor.Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan1206 41206 5This image shows enlargement of the thyroid gland and extension down behind the breastbone (retrosternal space). The image, called a scintiscan, was generated using a radioactive isotope.Isotope studyPheochromocytomafalseMIBI stress testMIBI stress testThallium and sestamibi stress testsMicroalbuminuria testMicroalbuminuria test2006-11-04 00:43:30.0Microalbuminuria testMicroalbuminuria testMicroalbuminuria testMicroalbuminuria testMale urinary system10022 410022 5The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, urethra and bladder.Protein - urineDiabetic nephropathyDiabetesfalseMicrosomal antibodyMicrosomal antibodyAntithyroid microsomal antibodyMononucleosis spot testMononucleosis spot test2006-11-04 00:39:53.0Mononucleosis spot testMononucleosis spot testMononucleosis spot testMononucleosis spot testMononucleosis, photomicrograph of cells1456 41456 5This so-called "Downy cell" is typical of lymphocytes infected by EBV (Epstein Barr Virus) or CMV (Cytomegalovirus) in infectious mononucleosis. Downy cells may be classified as types I, II, or III. This is a type II Downy cell.Mononucleosis - view of the throat2936 42936 5Infectious mononucleosis causes a sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, and fatigue. The throat may appear red and the tonsils covered with a whitish material. Mononucleosis and severe streptococcal tonsillitis appear quite similar. Unless there are other findings to suggest mononucleosis, a throat culture and blood studies may be necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.AntibodyMononucleosisfalseMonospotMonospotEpstein-Barr virus testfalseMonospot testMonospot testMononucleosis spot testfalseMouth lesion biopsyMouth lesion biopsyOropharynx lesion biopsyfalseMRAMRAMagnetic resonance angiographyMRIMRI2006-11-04 00:37:21.0MRIMRIMRIMRIMRI scans1107 4MRI scansMRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It is a relatively new technology that allows imaging of the interior of the body without using X-rays or other types of ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail of different tissues. Its use is rapidly increasing while the use of standard X-rays is decreasing.X-rayCT scanPacemakerStentArteriogramfalseMRI - cranialMRI - cranialMRI of the headfalseMRI of lumbosacral spineMRI of lumbosacral spineLumbosacral spine MRIfalseMRI of the abdomenMRI of the abdomenAbdominal MRIMRI of the headMRI of the head2006-11-04 00:48:19.0MRI of the headMRI of the headMRI of the headMRI of the headLobes of the brain9549 49549 5Each lobe of the brain has a different set of functions, so damage to a particular lobe may determine the type of problems that could be expected.Brain1074 4BrainThe major areas of the brain have one or more specific functions.MRI scans1107 4MRI scansMRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It is a relatively new technology that allows imaging of the interior of the body without using X-rays or other types of ionizing radiation. An MRI scan is capable of showing fine detail of different tissues. Its use is rapidly increasing while the use of standard X-rays is decreasing.NoninvasiveCT scanMRIMultiple sclerosisMyelinArteriogramfalseMRI of the heartMRI of the heartHeart MRIfalseMRI of the spineMRI of the spineSpine MRIfalseMRI of the thoraxMRI of the thoraxChest MRIfalseMultiple gate acquisition scan (MUGA)Multiple gate acquisition scan (MUGA)Nuclear ventriculographyMuscle biopsyMuscle biopsy2006-11-04 00:51:50.0Muscle biopsyMuscle biopsyMuscle biopsyMuscle biopsyMuscle biopsy8868 48868 5A muscle biopsy involves removal of a plug of tissue usually by a needle to be later used for examination. Sometimes more than one needle insertion may be needed to obtain a large enough specimen. If there is a patchy condition expected an open biopsy may be used. Open biopsy involves a small incision through the skin and into the muscle, so that a sample of muscle tissue can be removed from the affected area. There may be some slight bruising or bleeding at the site but the risks are minimal with the procedure.BiopsyChronicElectromyographyMuscular dystrophyPolyarteritis nodosaTrichinosisToxoplasmosisMycobacterial culture of bone marrowMycobacterial culture of bone marrow2006-11-04 00:47:35.0Mycobacterial culture of bone marrowMycobacterial culture of bone marrowMycobacterial culture of bone marrowMycobacterial culture of bone marrowBone marrow aspiration1129 4Bone marrow aspirationA small amount of bone marrow is removed during a bone marrow aspiration. The procedure is uncomfortable, but can be tolerated by both children and adults. The marrow can be studied to determine the cause of anemia, the presence of leukemia or other malignancy, or the presence of some "storage diseases" in which abnormal metabolic products are stored in certain bone marrow cells.Bone marrow aspirationPulmonary tuberculosisMycobacterial culture of liver biopsyMycobacterial culture of liver biopsy2006-11-04 00:46:53.0Mycobacterial culture of liver biopsyMycobacterial culture of liver biopsyMycobacterial culture of liver biopsyMycobacterial culture of liver biopsyLiver culture9681 49681 5During a liver biopsy, a needle is inserted into the liver and a tissue sample is withdrawn and sent to the laboratory for testing. The test is performed to determine the presence of tuberculosis infection in the liver.Pulmonary tuberculosisLiver biopsyAtypical mycobacterial infectionProthrombin time (PT)Platelet countMycobacterial culture of suspected non-pulmonary site of pathologyMycobacterial culture of suspected non-pulmonary site of pathology2006-11-04 00:46:56.0Mycobacterial culture of suspected non-pulmonary site of pathologyMycobacterial culture of suspected non-pulmonary site of pathologyMycobacterial culture of suspected non-pulmonary site of pathologyMycobacterial culture of suspected non-pulmonary site of pathologyLiver culture9681 49681 5During a liver biopsy, a needle is inserted into the liver and a tissue sample is withdrawn and sent to the laboratory for testing. The test is performed to determine the presence of tuberculosis infection in the liver.BiopsyAspirationPulmonary tuberculosisMyocardial biopsyMyocardial biopsy2006-11-04 00:50:28.0Myocardial biopsyMyocardial biopsyMyocardial biopsyMyocardial biopsyHeart, front view1097 4Heart, front viewThe external structures of the heart include the ventricles, atria, arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood into the heart. The vessels colored blue indicate the transport of blood with relatively low content of oxygen and high content of carbon dioxide. The vessels colored red indicate the transport of blood with relatively high content of oxygen and low content of carbon dioxide.Heart, section through the middle1056 4Heart, section through the middleThe interior of the heart is composed of valves, chambers, and associated vessels.Biopsy catheter8904 48904 5When a small piece of heart muscle tissue is needed for examination, a heart biopsy can be performed. A catheter is carefully threaded into an artery or vein to gain access into the heart. A bioptome (catheter with jaws in its tip) is then introduced. Once the bioptome is in place, three to five small pieces of tissue from the heart muscle are removed. The test is performed routinely after heart transplantation to detect potential rejection. It may also be performed when cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, cardiac amyloidosis, or other disorders are suspected.Cardiac catheterizationX-rayCardiomyopathyMyocarditisCardiac amyloidosisMyoglobin - serumMyoglobin - serum2006-11-04 00:45:14.0Myoglobin - serumMyoglobin - serumMyoglobin - serumMyoglobin - serumMyoglobin - urineMyoglobin - urineMyoglobin - urine2006-11-04 00:45:16.0Myoglobin - urineMyoglobin - urineMyoglobin - urineMyoglobin - urineFemale urinary tract1122 41122 5The female and male urinary tracts are relatively the same except for the length of the urethra.Urine sample10011 4Urine sampleA "clean-catch" urine sample is performed by collecting the sample of urine in midstream. Men or boys should wipe clean the head of the penis. Women or girls need to wash the area between the lips of the vagina with soapy water and rinse well. A small amount of urine should initially fall into the toilet bowl before it is collected (this clears the urethra of contaminants). Then, in a clean container, catch about 1 to 2 ounces of urine and remove the container from the urine stream. The container is then given to the health care provider.Male urinary tract1123 4Male urinary tractThe male and female urinary tracts are relatively the same except for the length of the urethra.Acute kidney failurefalseMyogramMyogramElectromyographyfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - AfalseA - Test ReferenceAfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - BfalseB - Test ReferenceBfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - CfalseC - Test ReferenceCfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - DfalseD - Test ReferenceDfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - EfalseE - Test ReferenceEfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - FfalseF - Test ReferenceFfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - GfalseG - Test ReferenceGfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - HfalseH - Test ReferenceHfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - IfalseI - Test ReferenceIfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - JfalseJ - Test ReferenceJfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - KfalseK - Test ReferenceKfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - LfalseL - Test ReferenceLfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - MfalseM - Test ReferenceMfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - NfalseN - Test ReferenceNfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - OfalseO - Test ReferenceOfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - PfalseP - Test ReferencePfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - QfalseQ - Test ReferenceQfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - RfalseR - Test ReferenceRfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - SfalseS - Test ReferenceSfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - TfalseT - Test ReferenceTfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - UfalseU - Test ReferenceUfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - VfalseV - Test ReferenceVfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - WfalseW - Test ReferenceWfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-ZTest Reference Index - XfalseX - Test ReferenceXfalseTest - HealthCentral Health Encyclopedia A-Z