Chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy use leads to chronic metabolic disease. Metabolic disease is the leading cause of death in Western society. In the heart and circulation this leads to high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and its consequences: heart attack and stroke. In the immune system we find increased risk... Read more
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in the United States and most Western European countries. The most common cause is coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (heart attack). Hypertension and what is called hypertensive heart disease is next on the list. ... Read more
The past year was a big one in hypertension. A number of trials were reported at meetings and in the medical literature with great potential for changing clinical practice. Studies looking at treatment goals, benefits (or lack thereof) of particular antihypertensive drug classes, and new approaches to reducing cardiovascular risk were... Read more
Modern life subjects modern humans to stresses our ancestors did not encounter. Early humans (who contributed our genetic background) evolved in an environment where starvation and predation were the predominant hazards to survival. Their lifestyles were characterized by chronic caloric restriction and high levels of physical activity. The... Read more
High blood pressure has been related to salt intake for over two thousand years. Chinese physicians described "Hardening of the pulse" after excessive salt ingestion in their writings before the time of Christ. Salt restriction has been a cornerstone of hypertension management for a century, and diuretics (which increase sodium excretion through... Read more