Diagnosis

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MAR)

MRA is a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It provides a non-invasive alternative to a traditional angiogram. The MRA uses a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to provide pictures of arteries and blood vessels. An angiogram uses dye, which is injected through a catheter that is inserted in the groin. MRA patients are given gadolinium (a contrast material) through an IV to improve the image quality.

Computed Tomography Angiography

A new technology called computed tomography angiography (CTA) uses x-rays to visualize blood flow in arteries throughout the body. This technique is highly effective in diagnosing PAD.

Treadmill Test

A patient is often given a treadmill test if the ankle-brachial index is questionable. Patients with claudication have a 50 - 60% reduction in peak performance, which is comparable to that in patients with congestive heart failure. The treadmill test is also useful for determining the severity of the pain while walking and for assessing the effectiveness of treatments.

Waveform Analysis

A test called a wave form analysis may be used to confirm an abnormal API or pressure reading. The patient lies on his or her back for at least 10 minutes in a warm room (so that the blood vessels will not narrow). The leg is turned outward and the knee is slightly bent. The healthcare provider passes a handheld scanner over the leg, which picks up sound waves coming from the arteries. These signals are recorded, and the wave forms are traced to detect abnormal blood flow.

Tests for Detecting Heart Disease

Patients with suspected PAD should have an electrocardiogram (ECG) and other tests that would detect heart problems. Evidence suggests that heart disease may be under diagnosed in patients with PAD. In one study, a third of patients had silent ischemia, which is heart disease without angina, the chest pain that indicates blockage of blood flow to the heart.