Bleeding. Bleeding due to ulcers in the colon is a common complication of UC. It can increase the risk for anemia. In some cases, bleeding can be massive and dangerous, requiring surgery.
Colorectal Cancers. Patients with UC have a higher than normal risk for cancers of the colon and rectum. About 5 – 8% of patients with ulcerative colitis will develop colorectal cancer within 20 years of their UC diagnosis. The risk of colorectal cancer increases with the duration and severity of the ulcerative colitis condition. The presence of inflammatory polyps (pseudopolyps) more than doubles the risk. Some research suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs, such as 5-ASA, may help reduce the risk of cancer. Doctors also advise that patients with ulcerative colitis receive regular (every 1 – 3 years) colonoscopy exams to help screen for cancer. According to a 2006 study, patients with ulcerative colitis who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer have a worse prognosis, and poorer survival, than those without ulcerative colitis. [For more information, see In-Depth Report #55: Colon and rectal cancers.]
 | Click the icon to see an image of the colonoscopy procedure. |
Complications Outside the Intestine
People with inflammatory bowel disease have a higher risk of developing other inflammatory diseases that affect the lungs and central nervous system.
Asthma. According to a 2005 study, people with IBD are 1.5 times more likely to have asthma than people without IBD. Of all the conditions that can accompany IBD, asthma is the most common. People with IBD are also at increased risk for bronchitis and other lung inflammations.
Eyes. Inflammation in parts of the eye is a common complication. Retinal disease, including detachment can occur but is rare. People with accompanying arthritic complications may be at higher risk for eye problems.
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