Dietary Considerations

Dietary Considerations

Malnutrition is very common in ulcerative colitis (UC), although it tends to be more severe in Crohn's disease. Some experts recommend that children with IBD increase their calorie and protein intake by 150% of the daily recommended allowance for their specific ages and heights. Studies indicate that nutritional support in children is as important as medications for achieving remission. People whose weights are normal or no less than 90% of normal do not need to add extra calories.

Foods Important for Intestinal Protection

Fluids (Non-Caffeinated). Drinking plenty of water is extremely important. It not only benefits the intestine but also helps prevent kidney stones, which are common in IBD. Vegetable juice and sports drinks may be helpful for restoring important minerals.

Protein. Proteins are very important for growth in children and for repair of cells. Diarrhea can cause protein deficiency and so patients may need more protein than the general population. Patients might consider using soy as one of their primary protein sources. One study reported that a soy protein diet was particularly useful for people with UC who were intolerant to milk products. Dried beans and legumes also provide protein.

Complex Carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates found in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables should make up half of your calories. Fresh fruit (such as apples, grapefruit, oranges, plums, blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries) might actually be specifically protective for IBD and may also reduce the risk for colon cancer. (Simple sugars can increase inflammation, however, so you should avoid dried fruits and high-sugar fruits, such as grapes, pineapple, and watermelon.)

Foods made up of complex carbohydrates are also often a good source of fiber. Fiber may help reduce damage in the intestinal tract caused by UC, and may even help protect against cancer. Oat bran is of particular interest. In the intestinal tract, this whole grain increases levels of a fatty acid called butyrate, which may help reduce GI symptoms due to ulcerative colitis. However, high-fiber foods can cause gas, bloating, and pain, particularly in people with IBD. Available commercial products (Beano) can reduce gas. Eating small, frequent meals can also help.