Bleeding. Massive bleeding can occur in 1 - 2% of cases and may be recurrent. Bleeding is usually from a localized area in the intestine. Surgery may be performed to remove the bleeding sites.
Colorectal Cancers. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a slightly higher risk for colorectal cancer. The risk is greater for patients with severe ulcerative colitis than for those with Crohn’s disease. Patients with Crohn’s disease do have a 40-fold increased risk for small bowel cancer. (However, small bowel cancer is a very rare type of cancer.) The risk increases with the severity of the condition and the length of time the patient has had Crohn’s. [For more information, see In-Depth Report #55: Colon and rectal cancers.]
Intestinal Blockage. Inflammation from Crohn's disease produces segments of scar tissue known as strictures that can constrict the passages of the intestines, causing bowel obstruction with severe cramps and vomiting. Strictures usually occur in the small intestine but can also occur in the large intestine.
Complications Outside the Intestine
People with inflammatory bowel disease have a higher risk of developing other inflammatory diseases that affect the lungs and central nervous system.
Asthma. According to a 2005 study, people with IBD are 1.5 times more likely to have asthma than people without IBD. Of all the conditions that can accompany IBD, asthma is the most common. People with IBD are also at increased risk for bronchitis and other lung inflammations
Eyes. Inflammation in the eyes may be an early sign of Crohn’s in some cases. Retinal disease, including detachment, can occur but is rare. People with accompanying arthritic complications may be at higher risk for eye problems.
Joints. Inflammation causes arthritis and stiffness in the joints. The back is commonly affected. Patients with Crohn’s disease are also at risk for clubbing (abnormal thickening and widening at the ends of fingers and toes).
 | Click the icon to see an image of nail clubbing. |
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