Complications

Gum Disorders and Tooth Loss

Estrogen therapy has been associated with reduced gum bleeding and with decreased bone loss around the teeth, and women who take estrogen are less likely to lose their teeth. Thus, the same principle that helps prevent bone loss in osteoporosis is also at work in preventing bone loss in the mouth.

Eye Disorders

Estrogen, progesterone, or both appear to protect against cataracts.

Click the icon to see an image of a cataract.

Studies are also indicating that estrogen helps prevent glaucoma and macular degeneration.

Click the icon to see an image of glaucoma.

Click the icon to see an image of macular degeneration.

Urinary Incontinence

The drop in body estrogen levels brought on by menopause may contribute to both urinary stress and urge incontinence.

Urinary Tract Infections

Women are at increased risk for recurrent urinary tract infections after menopause. Research suggests that estrogen may prevent infection by increasing the number of lactobacilli, a microorganism that fights infection by preventing bacteria from adhering to vaginal cells.

Wrinkles

Some evidence suggests that estrogen may help prevent slackness and dryness in the skin and reduce wrinkles.

Sleep Disorders

Menopause is associated with more sleeping problems, including inability to fall asleep and nighttime wakefulness.