Hi Adrian,   I'm very sorry to hear about your husband.  Based on my limited understanding, pneumonia and UTI infections can lead to sepsis which can cause organ failure. It is the inflammatory reaction to the infection which leads to organs not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients.   Here are 3 booklets which you may find helpful regarding palliative and end-of-life care.  In the first one is mention of whether to be intubated and put on a ventilator as an end-of-life choice.  Some people would prefer to not be kept alive with a machine doing their breathing for them.  That's a very personal decision. Caring for Loved Ones with Advanced MS: A Guide for Families (pdf) by Dorothy E. Northrop and Debra Frankel Opening Doors: The Palliative Care Continuum in Multiple Sclerosis (pdf) by Marion Brandis, Nancy Clayton Reitman, David Gruenewald, and Maura Del Bene Talking about Palliative Care, Hospice, and Dying (pdf) by Marion Brandis and Nancy Clayton Reitman If your husband is in pain, ask the hospice workers what can be done to help alleviate some of his discomfort.    One thing I learned when my grandmother was dying is that even if a patient has a DNR (do not resuscitate) order, when someone calls 911, the emergency workers must try to resuscitate the patient (according to the laws in most states).  This happened when one of my grandmother's home care workers panicked and called 911. It was against her wishes.    Probably your best information can be provided by the hospice workers.  They are the ones who have the experience and depth of knowledge to be able to give you a really good idea of what to expect with your husband.  Sometimes people can be under hospice care for many months, sometimes just days.    I really wish that there were a better answer I could give you.  You are in my thoughts.   Lisa