Since 2007, high doses of intravenous corticosteroids such as methylprednisone have been the first-line treatment for the prevention of disability from acute MS attacks. Osteoporosis and reversible short-term memory loss have been linked to the use of the drugs. Some recent research suggests that oral corticosteroids may be as effective as the IV formula of these drugs, though gastrointestinal disorders and psychiatric disorders appear to be more common with these oral drugs.