Female Athlete Triad. In athletes, excessive exercise plays a major role in many cases of anorexia (and, to a lesser degree, bulimia), which in turn increases the risk for low estrogen levels and bone loss. The term "female athlete triad" in fact, is now a common and serious disorder facing young female athletes and dancers and describes the combined presence of the following problems:
- Osteoporosis
- Amenorrhea (absence or irregular menstruation)
- Eating disorders
Specific Risk Factors for Bone Density Loss in Men
Some specific risk factors in men include:
- Hormonal deficiencies, including both testosterone and estrogen, which occur in older men (although much more slowly than in women). Estrogen deficiencies may also play a major role in osteoporosis in older men. It is unknown yet what normal estrogen levels are in men.
- Medical conditions that can reduce testosterone levels, such as prostate cancer treatments, testicular surgery, and mumps.
- Hypogonadism, which is a severe deficiency in the primary hormone that signals the process leading to the release of testosterone and other important reproductive hormones.
Of concern, are studies suggesting that men who have osteoporosis and suffer hip fractures are far less likely to be tested and treated for low bone density than are women. In one study, only 27% of men were treated for osteoporosis compared to 71% of women.
Risk Factors for Bone Density Loss in Both Men and Women
Dietary Factors. Diet plays an important role in preventing and speeding up bone loss in men and women. Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, of course, are important factors in the risk for osteoporosis. Other dietary factors may also be harmful or protective for certain people.
 | Click the icon to see an image of the sources of calcium. |
Lack of Exercise. Lack of exercise can put thinner people at risk for osteoporosis.
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