Lifestyle Changes

Little scientific evidence of benefits for RA exists for any of these diets, and some may result in deficiencies of important nutrients. On the other hand, one study found that 10 out of 17 people benefited from any diet recommended by their doctor.

Mediterranean Diet. Perhaps the best recommendation is for the Mediterranean Diet. A 2003 study reported that RA patients who followed it experienced reduced inflammatory activity, improved physical function and improved vitality compared to those on a standard Western diet. The Mediterranean diet is also rich in heart-healthy fiber and nutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. The diet recommends:

• A relatively high fat intake (about 35 - 45% of daily calories), but mostly from monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils. The Mediterranean diet is known specifically for its use of olive oil. Some evidence suggests that high intake of olive oil and cooked vegetables reduces the risk of RA.
• Daily glass or two of wine
• Protein source with this diet is primarily fish, which might be specifically helpful for RA patients. Fish (particularly -- but not only -- oily fish) has anti-inflammatory effects. Protein is lost during the inflammatory process, and high amounts of protein may be protective. Either fish or soy should be the primary sources of protein. Some evidence also suggests that fish oil supplements might be helpful.
• Carbohydrate choices emphasize fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, beans, and whole grains.
• Foods are seasoned with garlic, onions, and herbs.

Coffee and Tea. A 2002 study reported an association between RA and decaffeinated coffee but not regular coffee. Furthermore, drinking tea was associated with a lower risk.

Vitamins. Certain vitamin supplements may be beneficial. For example, certain drugs used for RA deplete folic acid, a critical vitamin B. Some patients take antioxidant supplements, such as vitamins C and E and selenium, although there is no strong evidence supporting their benefits. (Some studies have reported some possible benefits with vitamin E or other antioxidant combinations when used with standard medications.) Patients should check with their doctors about the need for supplements.