Colon Polyps

Diagnosis

Your doctor may use one or more of the following tests to determine whether you have colon polyps:

• Digital rectal exam - The doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to check for unusual growths or formations. This can only detect polyps in the rectum, the lower few inches of the bowel.

• Fecal occult blood test - A sample of stool is examined for tiny traces of blood, an indication of polyps.

• Sigmoidoscopy - A thin, lighted tube fitted with a video camera is inserted into the colon through the rectum, allowing the doctor to examine the area for polyps. Small polyps can be removed through the scope.

• Colonoscopy - A longer version of the instrument used in sigmoidoscopy is used to see the entire length of the colon. This is the only test that examines all the areas where cancers may grow. Small polyps can be removed through the scope.

• Barium enema - Chalky liquid is injected into the colon through the rectum, and then X-ray images are taken of the intestine. Air is usually inserted to expand the colon, making it easier to see if polyps are present.

• Virtual colonoscopy - similar to a barium enema; but instead of standard x-rays, a CT (computerized tomogram) scan is performed. These pictures give much better detail than what can be seen with a regular barium enema.

Expected Duration

If a polyp is not removed, it will continue to grow larger. It usually takes several years for a polyp to change to a cancer. However, some polyps have malignant cells even though they are small. About one-third of adenomatous polyps will progress to cancer in three to five years if undetected or ignored.