Vulvar Cancer

Diagnosis

The disease usually is diagnosed with a biopsy. In this procedure, a small sample of tissue is removed and examined by a pathologist under a microscope to identify cancer cells or precancerous cells.

An instrument called a colposcope, which has magnifying lenses, may be used to select the biopsy site. Before using the colposcope, the skin is treated with a dilute solution of acetic acid that causes suspicious-looking skin to turn white. This white color is temporary and can best be seen through the colposcope.

If the doctor suspects abnormalities in different areas of the vulva, more than one biopsy may be required. In excisional biopsy, small areas of abnormality may be removed completely. In punch biopsy, a very small cylinder of skin is removed. The biopsy specimen is sent to a laboratory for evaluation and diagnosis.

If a biopsy detects cancer, additional tests also may be done to determine if it has spread beyond the vulva. These may include:

• Cystoscopy - An exam with a lighted tube to check the inside surface of the bladder

• Proctoscopy - An exam of the rectum using a lighted tube

• Pelvic examination - A more thorough pelvic examination under anesthesia

• Chest X-ray - To check for any spread to the lungs

• Computed tomography (CT) scan - An imaging method that uses a rotating X-ray beam and a computer to create a detailed view of internal organs

These tests can help to predict whether the vulvar cancer has spread to nearby pelvic organs or to more distant parts of the body.

Expected Duration

Vulvar cancer will continue to grow until it is treated.