Decoding Depression: Much More Than Sadness
Most people think of depression as a period of excessive sadness. While sadness is one symptom of major depressive disorder, it is only one of nine possible symptoms. The symptoms must:
Be present for at least two weeks
Represent a change from typical functioning
Interfere with daily activities
Occur most of the day, nearly every day
Major depressive disorder is not the only mental illness that includes depressive mood as its primary symptom. However, it is the one most commonly referred to as “depression.” There are ten distinct disorders collectively referred to as depressive disorders. Depressive mood is the one symptom they all have in common. Other physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms may also be present.
When doctors and therapists evaluate a patient for a possible diagnosis, they are looking for at least five of the following symptoms:
Depressive or irritable mood
Anhedonia — the loss of pleasure or interest
Unintentional changes in appetite or weight
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor retardation or agitation
Lethargy — fatigue or loss of energy
Misplaced feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Cognitive impairment — the inability to focus, concentrate, or make decisions
Suicidal ideation — recurrent thoughts of death, self-harm, or suicidal behaviors
In the coming weeks, we will explore each of these symptoms in detail. Our focus will be on the neurobiological aspects of major depressive disorder. We’ll discuss the neurological link between emotional and physical pain and examine the role of neurotransmitters. We’ll also take a closer look at the human body’s ability to restore healthy neurological functioning, looking at non-pharmacological ways to counteract the symptoms of major depressive disorder.
There are many myths about major depressive disorder. As we explore each symptom, we will also examine some common misconceptions about each symptom and their assumed causes. We will challenge such ideas as:
Situational depression isn’t really depression
You need a good reason to be depressed
Antidepressants are sufficient to resolve depression
Family dysfunction causes depression
Depression is a sign of emotional weakness
Just think happy thoughts
